实蝇科昆虫转录组研究进展
A review of transcriptome sequencing in Tephritidae

实蝇科昆虫种类繁多、危害巨大、入侵能力强，倍受植物检疫与入侵生物学领域的关注。转录组代表细胞或组织内全部的RNA转录本，反映特定状态下的基因表达模式。而依赖于高通量测序技术所衍生出的转录组测序给实蝇等非模式生物的研究带来了机遇。本文在检索实蝇科昆虫转录组序列数据和文献报道的基础上，针对实蝇科昆虫转录组的测序现状和初步应用进行了分析和总结，涉及重要经济实蝇的种类鉴定、基础生理、滞育、配子形成和交配生殖、解毒机制及防治和非编码RNA共6个方面。同时，提出了加强重要经济实蝇转录组研究的3个展望：一是加强结构基因组学和功能基因组学方面的多组学结合研究；二是开展microRNA （miRNA）等非编码RNA功能方面的探索研究；三是探索第三代测序技术的应用研究。
Tephritidae is a family with many economically important pests of strong invasion ability, which has attracted great attention in the field of plant quarantine and invasion biology. The transcriptome represents all RNA transcripts in cells or tissues, reflecting patterns of gene expression at a certain stage. Transcriptome sequencing derived from high-throughput sequencing technology offers opportunities for studies of non-model organisms such as tephritids. On the basis of known sequences and literatures, we reviewed and analyzed the progress of transcriptome sequencing and its applications in economically important fruit flies, including species identification, basic physiology, reproductive development and detoxification mechanism, gamete formation and mating reproduction, detoxification mechanism and prevention as well as non-encoding RNA research. Moreover, three avenues were prospected for future research of transcriptome on economically important fruit flies. Firstly, combining other omics (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc.) was a good way to study mechanisms in structural and functional analysis of Tephritidae. Secondly, exploring microRNA (miRNA) and other noncoding RNA functions needs further studies in fruit flies. Thirdly, the third generation sequencing technology would be applied on Tephritidae.