新疆棉花黄萎病的发生现状及其病原菌的分子鉴定与ISSR分析
Molecular identification and ISSR analysis of Verticillium dahliae and the current status of cotton Verticillium wilt in Xinjiang

为掌握新疆主要植棉区棉花黄萎病的发生现状及其病原菌大丽轮枝菌Verticillium dahliae的落叶型菌系分布以及遗传变异情况，于2015年对26个新疆主要植棉区棉花黄萎病的发生情况进行了随机调查，统计新疆大丽轮枝菌的培养性状，利用大丽轮枝菌落叶型特异引物D1/D2、INTD2F/INTD2R与非落叶型特异性引物ND1/ND2、INTNDF/INTNDR对新疆大丽轮枝菌菌系进行互补鉴定，并对部分菌系的遗传变异进行简单序列重复区间（inter simple sequence repeat，ISSR）分析。结果表明：2015年新疆棉花黄萎病发病田比例为54.0%，其中病情指数在10.0以上的发病田与2013年持平，而病情指数在20.0以上的严重发病田比例为10.8%，比2013年增加3.8个百分点；新疆大丽轮枝菌的培养性状以菌核型为主，比例为70.1%，菌丝型与中间型比例分别为13.4%和16.5%；新疆大丽轮枝菌落叶型菌系比例为53.2%，26株菌株的来源地全部检出落叶型菌系；聚类分析结果显示，当遗传相似系数为0.66时，新疆大丽轮枝菌落叶型与非落叶型菌系聚为2个谱系，菌系地理来源、培养性状与大丽轮枝菌的遗传分化明显相关性。
In order to ascertain the occurrence of cotton Verticillium wilt, and the cultural characters, defoliating pathotype strains distribution, genetic variation of Verticillium dahliae in Xinjiang, the occurrence of cotton Verticillium wilt in 26 main cotton grow areas of Xinjiang was investigated in 2015, the cultural characters of V. dahliae which is the pathogen of cotton Verticillium wilt was observed, specific primers D1/D2, INTD2F/INTD2R and ND1/ND2, INTNDF/INTNDR were used to identify the defoliating and nondefoliating pathotypes of V. dahliae in Xinjiang, and also the genetic diversity of V. dahliae was analyzed by ISSR. The results showed that, the disease field of cotton Verticillium wilt accounted for 54.0% in 2015, among them, the cotton field which disease index above 10.0 were flat from 2013, the serious disease cotton field which disease index above 20.0 accounted for 10.8%, 3.8 percentage point higher than that of in 2013. In terms of cultural characters, sclerotia strains account for 70.1%, filamentous and intermediate strains account for 13.4% and 16.5% respectively. The defoliating pathotypes of V. dahliae account for 53.2% were detected from all the sample collection regions. At the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.66, defoliating and nondefoliating pathotypes of V. dahliae in Xinjiang could be completely divided into two lineages with no obvious genetic correlation in terms of geographical origin and cultural characteristics of V. dahliae.