基于MaxEnt和DIVA-GIS的亮壮异蝽潜在地理分布预测
Predicting the geographical distribution of Urochela distincta Distant with MaxEnt and DIVA-GIS

亮壮异蝽Urochela distincta Distant为中国特有种,具有结群迁飞和抱团越夏的习性,近年在江西武功山和仙姑坛风景区暴发成灾,为使相关自然保护区及风景名胜区做好对亮壮异蝽种群暴发的早期预警和监测,采用MaxEnt和DIVA-GIS软件,基于该虫在江西、湖南、贵州等地的分布数据及相关的20个环境变量,对其潜在地理分布进行了预测。结果表明,影响亮壮异蝽分布的主要环境变量包括最干月降雨量、海拔、昼夜温差月平均值、最暖季降雨量、最冷月最低温、昼夜温差与年温差比值、最干季平均温和最湿季平均温,其中最干月降雨量和海拔是最重要的因素,贡献率分别为64.9%和19.5%。该虫在我国的高适生区多属于海拔700~1500 m且最干月降雨量为25~130 mm的地区,主要集中在我国动物地理区划的华中区、华南区和西南区东部的部分区域,如江西与湖南交接的罗霄山脉,江西与福建接壤的武夷山山脉,以及重庆、湖南、贵州和湖北四交之地的武陵山脉等;非适生区包括我国的北部地区、西部地区、华中部分地区及华南的小部分区域。
The stink bug, Urochela distincta Distant (Hemiptera:Urostylididae), is an endemic species to China, and its population has a habit of cluster migration and aestivation, and has caused disaster in Wugong Mountain and Xiangutan Scenic Area of Jiangxi Province in recent years. In order to monitor the outbreak of its population in nature reserves and scenic spots in China, the geographical distribution of the insect was predicted based on its recorded distribution data in Jiangxi, Hunan and Guizhou provinces and 20 variables related with occurring environment by using MaxEnt and DIVA-GIS. The results showed that the main environmental variables affected the distribution of U. distincta, including precipitation of driest month, altitude, mean diurnal range, precipitation of warmest quarter, minimum temperature of coldest month, isothermality, mean temperature of driest quarter and mean temperature of wettest quarter. Among them, the precipitation of driest month and altitude were the most important factors affecting the distribution of U. distincta, with a contribution rate of 64.9% and 19.5%, respectively. The highly suitable areas for the bug were the regions with an altitude of 700-1500 m and a precipitation of 25-130 mm in the driest month, mainly covering central China and part areas of southern China and the eastern regions in southwestern China, such as Luoxiao mountains in the border area of Jiangxi and Hunan, Wuyi mountains in Jiangxi-Fujian border region, and Wuling mountains located in Chongqing, Hunan, Guizhou and Hubei. The unsuitable area included northern China, western China, some parts of central China and a few regions of southern China.