喷头类型对棚室黄瓜叶片的药液沉积和白粉病防治效果的影响
Influences of nozzle types on pesticide deposition on cucumber leaves and their inhibitive effects on Sphaerotheca fuliginea in greenhouses

为明确喷头类型对棚室黄瓜叶片药液附着和白粉病防治效果的影响,采用茎叶喷雾法测定了雾滴体积中径(VMD)对药液沉积量、最大持留量的影响以及氟硅唑对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果。结果表明,在黄瓜叶片上,氟硅唑的沉积量随着雾滴VMD增大而降低,雾滴VMD为191、213、250 μm时的沉积量分别比160 μm时降低了19.15%、11.76%和38.25%;当药液量为320 L/hm2时,氟硅唑在黄瓜叶片上的沉积效率最高,为63%;浓度为50 mg/L的氟硅唑在叶片上的最大稳定持留量约为5.15 μL/cm2;不同浓度氟硅唑对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果差异显著,有效成分用量为90 g/hm2时的防治效果最好,达90.09%;当氟硅唑浓度一定时,不同喷头类型对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果差异显著,当有效成分用量为60、75 g/hm2时,采用喷头F110-015的防治效果最好,分别达70.64%和81.15%。研究表明,防治黄瓜白粉病应选择雾滴粒径小的喷头,且浓度较高的氟硅唑可大幅度提高其有效利用率和防治效果。
To study the effects of the nozzle types on deposition and pesticide efficiency of greenhouse cucumber, the deposition and maximum retention ability on cucumber leaves and the control efficiency of different concentrations of flusilazole against cucumber powdery mildew were detected with spraying method. The results showed that deposition of flusilazole decreased with increasing volume median diameter (VMD). Compared to the deposition of 160 μm VMD, the depositions of 191, 213 and 250 μm VMD decreased by 19.15%, 11.76% and 38.25%, respectively. The deposition efficiency was 63% at 320 L/hm2, higher than the other treatments. The maximum retention on the leaves was 5.15 μL/cm2 when the flusilazole concentration was 50 mg/L. The control efficiency against cucumber powdery mildew had significant difference among different treatments, and the control efficiency was the highest up to 90.09% at 90 g/hm2. The control efficiency against cucumber powdery mildew had significant difference among different droplet sizes under the same concentration. The control efficiency of nozzle F110-015 was higher than those of the other droplet sizes at 60 and 75 g/hm2, which were 70.64% and 81.15% respectively. The results indicated that nozzle F110-015 and high flusilazole concentration could control cucumber powdery mildew effectively.