产香真菌GS-1菌株鉴定及其挥发性物质对番茄灰霉病的生防效果
Identification of aroma-producing fungus GS-1 strain and its biocontrol efficacy against tomato gray mold

为鉴定产香真菌GS-1菌株物种分类和评价其挥发性物质对番茄灰霉病的生防效果，通过形态学和ITS（internal transcribed spacer）序列分析对菌株GS-1进行物种鉴定，以对扣法测定其挥发物对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea、水稻胡麻斑病菌Bipolaris oryzae、小麦赤霉病菌Fusarium graminearum、白菜黑斑病菌Alternaria brassicae和莴苣菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum共5种植物病原真菌的熏蒸抑制活性，以果实针刺法测定挥发物对番茄灰霉病的抑制作用，并观察对其菌丝生长的影响。结果显示，菌株GS-1为普通瘤座孢Tubercularia vulgaris；其挥发物对5种植物病原真菌均有明显的熏蒸抑制作用，72 h的抑制率为58.05%～75.81%；其挥发物可造成番茄灰霉病菌菌丝畸形、分枝增多、原生质外渗等，对番茄果实灰霉病的防效72 h后达53.62%。表明产香真菌普通瘤座孢GS-1菌株挥发物对番茄灰霉病有良好的生防效果。
To clarify the biocontrol effectiveness of the fungus strain GS-1 and its volatile organic compounds (VOCs) against tomato gray mold, the strain GS-1 was identified using morphological properties and ITS sequence analysis, and the fumigating antifungal activities of VOCs against Botrytis cinerea, Bipolaris oryzae, Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria brassicae and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were also evaluated by the two-sealed-base-plates method. The inhibitory effect of VOCs on mycelia growth of B. cinerea was also measured using fruit-pricking method. The results showed that the fungus GS-1 strain was Tubercularia vulgaris. The inhibitory rates of VOCs of the GS-1 strain against five target fungi after 72 h ranged from 58.05% to 75.81%. Treatments with the VOCs could cause malformation of the mycelia, increase in number of branches, and cytoplasm leakage. The efficacy of the treatment against tomato gray mold disease was 53.62% after 72 h, indicating that GS-1 strain had the potential to be used as biocontrol agent against tomato gray mold disease.