水稻品种抗稻瘟病分析及基因聚合抗性改良
Resistance analysis and improvement of rice varieties by gene pyramiding

为了解水稻品种抗瘟性及基因聚合改良的情况,通过喷雾和离体划伤接种法对黑龙江省20个水稻品种和16个外源抗瘟基因的抗性频率及6个主要水稻品种含有的抗瘟基因型进行了分析。结果表明,20个水稻品种抗性频率介于10.89%~68.32%之间,垦稻12抗性最低,龙粳40抗性最高;16个抗瘟基因抗性频率介于0~50.50%之间,Pi-sh、Pi-19和Pi-km基因抗性最低,Pi-zt抗性最高;在联合抗病性方式下,龙粳40&龙粳31和龙粳40&龙稻14组合抗性改良效果略好;20个水稻品种的抗性相似系数介于0.24~0.75之间,在0.40水平上将其划分为5个类群;6个水稻品种共检测到抗瘟基因11个,Pi-1基因出现频率最高;在基因聚合方式下,龙粳39聚合后抗性最高,龙稻13聚合后抗性升幅最大。综合分析,供试水稻品种及单基因系品种抗性表现较差,基因聚合方式对水稻品种的抗性改良效果明显优于联合抗病性方式。
In order to understand and improve the blast resistance of rice varieties by gene pyramiding, the resistance frequency of 20 rice varieties and 16 monogenic rice lines and the blast-resistant genotypes of six rice varieties were detected by the methods of spraying and in vitro in Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that the resistance frequency of 20 rice varieties ranged from 10.89% to 68.32%, and the resistance frequencies of Kendao 12 and Longjing 40 were the lowest and the highest, respectively. The resistance frequencies of 16 monogenic rice lines ranged from 0 to 50.50%, and the resistance frequency of Pi-sh, Pi-19and Pi-km was the lowest, and the Pi-zt was the highest. The group of Longjing 40 & Longjing 31 and Longjing 40 & Longdao 14 had better improvement in resistance based on the method of associational resistance. The resistance similarity coefficients of 20 rice varieties ranged from 0.24 to 0.75. The rice varieties were divided into five resistance groups in the level of 0.40 similarity coefficient. Eleven blast-resistant genes were detected among six rice varieties, and the frequency of Pi-1 was the highest. The resistance frequency of Longjing 39 and resistance promotion range of Longdao 13 was the highest with gene pyramiding method. The resistance of rice varieties and monogenic rice lines was lower, and the method of gene pyramiding was better than associational resistance in the aspect of resistance improvement to rice varieties.