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- 2016
异色瓢虫色斑多样性调查及各地十九斑变型COI基因系统进化分析
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Abstract:
异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis (Pallas)是一种具有丰富色斑的捕食性天敌,主要捕食烟粉虱、蚜虫和粉蚧等小型害虫,复杂的地理环境会导致异色瓢虫形成不同的色斑型.为了解我国异色瓢虫的色斑多样性,通过采集、调查与分析5个省份异色瓢虫主要色斑类型、黄底型各色斑类型的比例及斑点出现频率,以17个地区数量较多的异色瓢虫十九斑变型为研究对象,运用细胞色素氧化酶亚基I(COI)基因序列比对的方法,分析了各瓢虫种群之间的系统进化关系.结果表明,5个省份的异色瓢虫种群中,黄底型数量比例显著高于黑底型,黑底型中黑缘型数量比例极少.内蒙古贺兰山地区的黄底型异色瓢虫中,十九斑变型所占比例最大,占28.77%;其中斑点3出现的频率最高,占84.43%,半斑出现的频率最低,占28.77%.系统进化分析表明,除了云南异色瓢虫种群与其它地区差异较大外,其它16个地区的异色瓢虫十九斑变型之间具有很高的同源性.推测影响异色瓢虫形成不同色斑的关键因素很有可能是遗传基因之外的其它因素.
The multicolored Asian ladybeetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), is a well-known predator that preys mostly on the small agricultural insects such as whiteflies, aphids and scale insects. Complex geographical environment may lead to speck color differentiation of H. axyridis. Here we investigated the main elytra colored speck of H. axyridis in Inner Mongolia, and the probability of yellow-spot types as well as the occurrence frequencies of each spot in the yellow-spot population. The phylogenetic relationship of the 19-spot H. axyridis from 17 different areas was analyzed based on their COI genes. The results indicated that the frequency of yellow background was higher than that of black background in the five provinces. There were 11 different colored speck populations in the samples from Helanshan area, which showed the yellow background, and among them, the 19-spot ladybeetle was the most abundant population, accounting for 28.77% of all the yellow background samples. Meanwhile, by comparing the frequencies of different spots occurring in the yellow background samples, the No.3 spot was the highest (84.43%), while the frequency of No.1/2 spot was the lowest (28.77%). The phylogenetic analysis showed that, among the populations of H. axyridis, all the 19-spot ladybeetles were homologous to each other, except the populations from Yunnan Province. The key factors that influenced the formation of different colors of H. axyridis might be other factors than genes.
