抑制烟草花叶病毒(TMV)植物提取物的筛选
Screening and inhibitory effects of plant extracts against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)

为开发新型植物源抗病毒剂，以抗烟草花叶病毒（Tobacco mosaic virus，TMV）活性为指标，利用半叶枯斑法对13种常见中草药进行了抗病毒活性筛选，并对筛选到的中草药进行了抗病机理的研究。结果表明：马蓝、玉簪、鸦胆子、白薇和苦木5种中草药的30 μg/mL醇提取物抗TMV活性较好，抑制率均达70.44%以上，且高于8%宁南霉素水剂1 000倍液的抗病毒活性，其中马蓝醇提取物抗病毒活性最佳，抑制率可达90.70%。对马蓝醇提取物防治烟草花叶病毒机理的研究发现，0.5 μg/mL马蓝醇提取物能够保护TMV侵染的烟草原生质体细胞形态完整；经马蓝醇提取物处理后，烟草的苯丙氨酸解氨酶和过氧化物酶活性比清水对照组明显提高；20~50 μg/mL浓度的马蓝醇提取物能明显抑制TMV病毒外壳蛋白的表达。推测马蓝醇提取物可能是通过保护植物细胞而起到抗病毒作用，可进一步开发为植物源抗病毒剂。
To develop novel plant-derived virucide, 13 species of Chinese medicinal herbs were screened, and the anti-virus activities of herbs against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were tested by a half-leaf method. Comparing with the ningnanmycin, Baphicacanthus cusia, Hosta plantaginea, Brucea javanica, Cynanchum atratum, Picrasma quassioides, showed higher anti-viral activity with more than 70.44% inhibition rates at the concentration of 30 μg/mL. Among all treatments, the ethanol extract of B. cusia exhibited the highest anti-viral activity with 90.70% of inhibition efficiency. The protoplast cell integrity was maintained after treated with 0.5 μg/mL ethanol extract of B. cusia. Moreover, the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) activity in TMV-infected plants were significantly increased compared to the control. The expression of TMV capsid protein was inhibited by ethanol extract of B. cusia at the concentration of 20-50 μg/mL. The results indicated that the ethanol extract of B. cusia might effectively protect the tobacco to against TMV infection. Therefore, B. cusia could be used as anti-viral reagents in the field.