草间钻头蛛共生菌多样性测定及沃尔巴克氏体感染对宿主发育历期和性比的影响
Detection of symbiont diversity in spider Hylyphantes graminicola and the impact of Wolbachia on developmental duration and sex ratio of host offspring

为了解草间钻头蛛Hylyphantes graminicola体内共生菌的组成及共生菌对宿主的影响，通过高通量测序技术确定其体内的优势共生菌，采用常规PCR法对草间钻头蛛进行优势共生菌的感染检测，并研究了优势共生菌感染对草间钻头蛛子代的发育历期和性比的影响。结果表明：经高通量测序细菌16S rDNA的V3、V4区，确定草间钻头蛛的优势共生菌为沃尔巴克氏体Wolbachia和Cardinium。167头被检测蜘蛛中，Cardinium的感染率为100.00%，沃尔巴克氏体的感染率为38.92%。感染沃尔巴克氏体的草间钻头蛛F1代雌蛛的2龄期、3龄期、4龄期和总历期均极显著低于未感染的草间钻头蛛，感染沃尔巴克氏体的草间钻头蛛F1代雌蛛1龄期显著低于未感染的F1代个体，感染和未感染沃尔巴克氏体的草间钻头蛛F1代雌蛛的卵期和5龄期均显著差异。感染沃尔巴克氏体后，草间钻头蛛F1代雄蛛的1龄期和总历期极显著缩短，2龄期、3龄期和5龄期显著缩短，而卵期和4龄期与未感染沃尔巴克氏体的F1代雄蛛之间显著差异。另外，沃尔巴克氏体感染极显著提高了草间钻头蛛的子代性比。
In order to understand the symbiont community of spider Hylyphantes graminicola and the impact of the symbionts on their hosts, the dominant symbionts were detected with high-throughput sequencing and PCR amplification, and then the effects of dominant symbionts on the developmental duration and sex ratio of F1 generation of H. graminicola were tested. The results showed that Wolbachia and Cardinium were the dominant symbiotic bacteria in H. graminicola through high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA V3 and V4 regions of the bacteria. The infection rate of Wolbachia and Cardinium were screened among 167 individuals of H. graminicola, and the results showed that the infection rate of Cardinium and Wolbachia was 100.00% and 38.92%, respectively. The developmental durations of 2nd, 3rd, 4th instars and total duration of the female individuals in F1 generation from Wolbachia-positive mother spiders were significantly less than that from Wolbachia-negative mother spiders, and the duration of 1st instars of the female individuals from Wobachia-positive mother was significantly shorter than that from Wolbachia-negative mothers, but the durations of egg stage and 5th instars of the female individuals from Wolbachia-positive and -negative mothers had no significant difference. For the male offspring, Wolbachia infection significantly shortened the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th instar durations and total duration, but the durations of egg stage and 4th instars had no significant difference between the offspring from two types of spiders. The sex ratio (female:male) of offspring infected with Wolbachia was significantly elevated.