猕猴桃软腐病病原菌的分离鉴定及其防治药剂筛选
Pathogen identification of kiwifruit soft rot and fungicide screening for control of the disease

为明确引起猕猴桃软腐病病原菌的种类并筛选有效防治药剂，2015年10月于安徽省金寨县猕猴桃基地采集具有典型软腐病症状的40个果实病样，对分离所得病原菌进行致病性测定、形态学和分子生物学鉴定，同时测定了10种常用药剂对病原菌的抑菌效果。结果显示，结合分离物的形态学特征及rDNA-ITS、β-tubulin和EF-1α基因序列分析结果，确定10株经致病性验证的菌株均为葡萄座腔菌Botryosphaeria dothidea。药剂筛选结果显示，多菌灵对该病原菌菌丝生长抑制效果最好，抑制率高达91.97%，其次是95%三唑醇1 600倍液，抑制率为81.72%，其余药剂对菌丝生长的抑制率均低于80.00%；多粘芽胞杆菌对该病原菌孢子萌发抑制效果最好，未见该病菌孢子萌发，70%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂1 000倍液、12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂3 000倍夜、10%混合脂肪酸水剂100倍液、95%三唑醇原药1 600倍液和1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐水剂180倍液对病原菌孢子萌发的抑制率均大于81.00%。表明多菌灵和多粘芽胞杆菌是防治葡萄座腔菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的最佳药剂。
The pathogenic fungus of kiwifruit soft rot in Jinzhai County, Anhui Province was identified with methods of isolation, morphology and sequences of rDNA-ITS, β-tubulin and EF-1α, and the efficacy of ten common used fungicides on the growth of mycelium and conidiophores germination were evaluated. Based on the morphological features with rDNA-ITS, β-tubulin and EF-1α sequence, the ten isolates were identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea. 50% carbendazim soluble power (SP) had the greatest inhibitory effect (91.97%) on hyphal growth in vitro, following with 95% triadimenol technical material (TC) (×1 600 times) by 81.72%, others were less than 80.00%. Meanwhile, for conidiophores germination rate, the most efficient fungicide was a biocontrol bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa, following with 70% mancozeb SP (×1 000 times), 12.5% diniconazole SP (×3 000 times), 10% mixed fatty acid (×100 times), 95% triadimenol TC (×1 600 times) and 1.8% acetate suspension concentrate (×180 times). It results indicated that 50% carbendazim SP and P. polymyxa had effective antifungal activity against B. dothidea.