中国乡村司法研究范式之理论检讨
Theoretical Discussion and Review of Chinese Rural Justice Research Paradigm

当前我国乡村社会基础结构及其治理方式和格局业已发生显著转变,这势必推动置身其中 的乡村司法之转型。 然而现存有关乡村司法之研究对此并未给予足够之关注,其主要呈现出三种研究 范式。 “国家政权建设理论冶将乡村人民法庭置于“乡土社会冶的背景下进行讨论,以极端工具主义的态 度对待正式法律规范,忽视乃至拒斥现代法律在乡村变迁中的功用及其价值;“村治理论冶虽然关注到 乡村社会的结构性变迁,但并未真正摆脱国家政权建设理论极端法律工具主义的进路;“法治论冶虽强 调正当法律程序在乡村司法中的必要性,却忽视了转型期传统与现代并存的社会格局及其对司法的不 同需求与影响,过分关注程序的封闭性层面,未能兼顾乡村司法的适度开放性。 因此在乡村司法的进一 步研究中,亟需转换现行单一的研究范式。
At present, the changing involved in the infrastructure and the governance mode and pattern of rural society has caused the transformation of rural justice. However, the existing research to the rural justice did not give enough attention to these changes. In sum, the current research takes on three kinds of paradigm: The theory of state regime construction dis- cusses the rural court from the perspective of rural society,treats formal laws with extreme instrumentalism, ignores and e- ven rejects functions and value of modern law in rural transforming; the theory of rural governance pays attention to the structural changes in rural society, but does not break away from the way of state regime construction and the theory of legal instrumentalism. Furthermore, although the theory of rule of law emphasizes necessity of due process of law in rural justice, it neglects the social pattern in rural transition period that tradition coexisted with modernity, which has different demands and influences to justice. Besides, the theory of rule of law focuses obsessively on closed aspect of legal process but never give consideration to moderate openness of rural justice. Therefore, it is necessary to change current single research para鄄 digm in further research of rural justice.