农业产业化组织形式研究：土地股份合作社和微型企业的比较
Organization Forms of Agriculture Industrialization: A Comparative Study on Land Shareholding Cooperatives and Micro-Enterprises --Chengdu-Chongqing Region as a Case

本文对城镇化背景下成渝地区两种农业产业化组织形式——“土地股份合作社”和“微型企业”进行研究。两种组织形式在利益分配上存在差别：土地股份合作社通过土地折股将产业化经营的收益按股均分；微型企业则通过反租倒包由资本扶植建立小型农业公司，不以农业经营收益为主，其间产生大量的其他利益由地方政府与资本共享。相比土地股份合作社，微型企业数量更多、规模更大，这是因为在微型企业的运行中，地方政府与资本产生了合作共赢的关系：政府通过与资本合作，获得资金、捆绑项目，以谋发展；资本通过与政府合作，获得政策补贴、项目集聚的实惠，并可以通过整理土地获取建设用地指标。政府与资本的合作关系也进一步影响了当地城镇化的建设样貌。
This paper compares two organization forms of agricultural industrialization in Chengdu-Chongqing Region in the context of urbanization: land shareholding cooperatives and “micro-enterprises”. There are significant differences in the distribution of interest between the two organization forms. In land shareholding cooperatives form, people equally divide the benefits of agriculture industrialization by land shares. While in "micro-enterprises" from, instead of gaining profits through the operation of agriculture industrialization, a large amount of other interests are shared by the local government and the capital. Compared to the land shareholding cooperatives, micro-enterprises show a brighter development. In the operation of micro-enterprises, the local government and capital have a win-win cooperation relationship. Through cooperation with capital, the government obtains a large number of funds, applies for several projects and “binds” the projects together. Through cooperation with the local government, the capital gains subsidies, projects and quotas of land for construction. The cooperation between the government and the capital has an influence on the pattern of urbanization.