人口分化:理解转型期农民分化的一个视角
The Differentiation of Population: a New Theoretical Framework about the Problem of Peasants爷 Differentiation in Chinese Transition Period

在市场化进程中,我国农民家庭普遍形成了“半工半耕冶的经济结构。 由此,这也使得农村中发育形成了一个以“半工半耕冶农户为主体的、规模庞大的中等收入群体———农村中间阶层。 这一规模庞大的中间阶层将趋向何种阶级状态,应如何理解其分化路径及阶级属性? 进一步研究发现,在我国农村的基本制度约束下,农村中间阶层农户的家庭收入变动,更与家庭劳动力的数量变化及配置方式相关,即人口分化构成为这一阶层分化的基本机制。 这也是黄宗智先生所指称的当前我国社会中以农民为主体的“悖论社会形态冶的基本生成机制。 农民家庭的人口分化模式,意味着我国农民的分化路径既非沿着欧美发达社会中产化的职业分层模式演变,也非沿着马克思主义传统下农民的产化模式演进。由此,所形成的去产化的农村社会,也构成转型期中国政治秩序稳定的基础。
At present, it is generally formed a large middle-income group ———the rural middle class———by peasant household of “half workers and half cultivators” as the main body in China’s rural society. What kind of class situation will this rural middle class develop to, and how should we understand its differentiatial path and class nature? Further research find that the change of the number of family labor force become the key factor that affect the income of peasant household of middle class under our country’s institutional and market environment. The change of income of peasant in middle class is more limited by population cycle of the family, it means that the differentiation of population is the main differentiation way of the middle class. The differentiation of population fully reflected the unique differentiation form of small peasant family, it also become the basic generative mechanism of “paradoxical society冶 consist of peasants as the main body in our country’s current society. The differentiation of population in peasant family mains that the way of peasants’ differentiation in Chinese transition period is neither along the model of bourgeoisified occupational stratification in developed society in Europe and America, nor follow the model of proletarianization of traditional peasant in Marxist theory. Therefore, the de-proletarianization of the rural society which formed by the mechanism of differentiation of population could also become the base of the stable political order in Chinese transition period.