从乡绅到中农
From Rural Gentries to Middle Peasants

最近半个多世纪以来,一般论者认为,乡土社会即使有过士绅,随着近代国家的建构和当代国家对乡村的长驱直入,他们也消失殆尽。 但是一些对乡村精英研究的缺陷是被去领土化视角下的政治观念史所左右。 在此前提下,一些政治观念的长期影响遮蔽了具体时空下的实况。 本文与上述研究的路径不同,以地势民族志方式,研究乡村领导和社会秩序。 基于最近 60 余年的地方历史,本文试图勾勒出从乡绅到中农,甚至到 21 世纪自然村社会中隐然延续的结构。 论文将探索在 60 余年间,国家通过政治 / 组织路线,对血缘 / 地缘的村落社会进行重新编织的基础上,自然村 / 村民小组及其领导人对于基层政治生活和社区维系的重要性。
For more than half a century, many researchers have argued that even if there were gentry in the rural communi-ty, they disappeared with the construction of modern states and the invasion of the country the state. But one of the flaws in the researches on rural elites are ‘deterritorialization'. In this context, the long-term influence of some political ideology obscures the reality in specific location and in a lengthy process. This paper, taking a different approach, examines the ru-ral leadership and social order in the form of ethnography of topography. Based on the local history of the last sixty years, this paper attempts to outline the structure from the gentry to the middle peasants and even to the natural village in the 21st century. The paper will explore the importance of natural village / villagers' groups and their leaders for grassroots political life and community maintenance on the basis of reorganization of blood / geo-village communities through political / organiza-tional lines over sixty years.