“中国式”冶环境正义困局:以济宁市的煤炭开采问题为例
Chinese Environmental Justice Problem爷s Dilemma: Taking Jining爷s Coal Mining as an Case

当前国内关于能源问题的研究忽略了能源开采过程中存在的正义问题。 文章通过对重要产煤区济宁市的分析,发现不公正现象具体体现在,当地因煤炭开采而形成的沉陷区的地理 - 社会分布中———乡村成为采煤沉陷问题的主要安置地,村民也因此承担了更多的代价。 审视相关资料,可以发现这种不公正现象形成的原因与公共权力相关,是公共权力有意安排的结果。 然而令乡村居民所遭遇的环境不公正问题变得更为严重的是,在当前社会背景下,针对“被牺牲乡村冶的居民所设置的救济制度不仅未能发挥应有的效用,反而制造了更为激烈的社会矛盾,乡村居民也因此遭受了更为严重的不公正对待,而这种状况的产生则与制度安排相关。 就此而言,本个案丰富了国内关于能源和环境正义问题的认知,展现了环境正义问题形成和应对中存在的“中国式冶困局。 通过分析该个案,本文认为针对环境正义问题的分析不能简单套用西方的传统环境正义理论,而应当结合中国的社会现实,以“中国式冶框架分析“中国式冶问题。
Energy is the key element to solve the problem of the sustainability of human society. However, domestic existing researches about energy problem mainly focus on the consumption field, ignoring the problems existing in the field of supply. Through analyzing the case of Jining which is an important coal minging area, authors found specific form of expression existed in energy unfair issues. Specifically, this unfair phenomenon was mainly manifested in the geography-social distribution of Ji- ning’s coal mining subsidence area. Further, rural areas became the main coal mining subsidence settlement, and rural resi- dents bore the main costs. By analyzing the relevant policy, authors believed public authority’s arrangement was the key rea- son. Furthermore, under the current domestic social context, which makes the rural residents’ environmental injustice issues worse, the existing relief system which is setting for sacrificed inhabitants had failed to play their utility, and further made more intense contradictions. Therefore, the environmental injustice problem which was experienced by residents in coal min- ing subsidence area became more serious and the reason lies in the Chinese factual system. In this respect, this case has en- riched the domestic cognition about energy supply problem and expanded the analyzing vision of environmental justice, show- ing the Chinese dilemma in environmental justice problems. Through the analysis of this case, this paper suggested the analy- sis of the environmental justice issues should not simply copy the western traditional theory of environmental justice, but to use Chinese frame to analysis Chinese problems, combining the social reality of China.