乡村振兴:谁在谈,谈什么?
Rural Vitalization: Who are Talking about It, about What?

乡村振兴战略已经形成综合政策、理论和实践的分析思路。 主流政策派以供职于国家政府部门的学者型官员或研究人员为主,其焦点在于如何完善乡村振兴的顶层设计。 主流政策派立足于对乡村振兴战略的内容阐释,对乡村振兴战略产生的历史必然性、乡村振兴战略提出的必要性、乡村振兴战略的实施机制以及规避误区作出论证。 学界理论派重点关注乡村振兴的立论基础和基本模式,乡村振兴具有多种立论基础,而乡村振兴的基本模式则具有保底式发展、内生式发展和依附式发展三种向度。 基层实践派以基层一线工作人员为主,以保障乡村振兴战略的落地实施为发力焦点,其中县级干部扮演乡村振兴“一线总指挥冶和“施工队长冶的角色,乡镇干部则是加速乡村振兴战略落地的践行者,而村干部则构成乡村振兴最基础和最坚实的力量。 然而,在几乎所有的讨论中,作为乡村振兴主体的农民却集体失语,并再次被政府和学者普遍“代言冶。 未来乡村振兴的探讨方向应重点推进乡村振兴顶层设计和基层实践的“上下结合冶,深化乡村振兴战略的基础理论研究,加强乡村振兴的社会动力以及乡村振兴多元实践等方面的理论概括,引导农民积极参与乡村振兴的讨论、规划和行动,从而推动乡村振兴政策、理论和实践的“大循环冶。
It is generally agreed that rural vitalization strategy should be analyzed with an overarching approach that integrates policies, theories and practices. The “mainstream policy-makers” are composed of scholar-officials or researchersin the government, focusing on designing the rural vitalization strategy on the top. They discuss its content, the historicalinevitability of its advent, and its necessity, implementation mechanisms and potential misconducts. The “academic theo-rists” put emphasis on the theoretical basis and fundamental patterns of rural vitalization strategy. They argue that the strat-egy has multiple theoretical origins and three fundamental patterns: safety-net development, endogenous development anddependency development. The “grass-root practitioners” consist of frontline officials, whose main concern is to ensure theimplementation of the rural vitalization strategy. In the implementation, officials in the county act as “frontline commander-in-chief” and “construction captain”, those at the town and township level are responsible for pushing the strategy forward,meanwhile village leaders are the main force in vitalizing the village. However, peasants are collectively mute in the processand once again the government and scholars speak on behalf of them. The design on the top and the practices at the bottomshould be integrated in vitalizing the rural area. Studies on the fundamental theories should be strengthened vis-a-vis theconceptualization of social dynamics of and various practices in rural vitalization. Peasants should be encouraged to join thediscussion, the planning and the implementation of this strategy. The great circulation of policies, theories and practices inrural vitalization could thereby come into being.