教育扶贫的基层实践创新———海南省及琼中县教育精准扶贫调查
Grassroots Innovational Practice of Poverty Alleviation by Developing Education——An Investigation of Precision”targeting Poverty Alleviation by Developing Education in Hainan Province and Qiongzhong County

教育扶贫是脱贫攻坚的重要方式,在扶贫工作中具有先导性和基础性作用。 教育扶贫从理念、政策到实施,需要通过实践创新进行实践转化,而实践转化的程度体现政策设计的合理性和适用性。海南省是较早开展教育扶贫的地区之一,先后实施了教育扶贫移民、职教扶贫等反响较大的项目。 开展精准扶贫以来,海南省以“全上学、全资助、上好学、促成长冶作为教育扶贫的目标,制定教育精准扶贫政策体系。 文章基于实地调研,概括海南省教育精准扶贫思路及省级层面政策设计,并用琼中县教育精准扶贫工作经验来证明,基层的实践创新可以将省级教育扶贫理念和政策设计变为现实。 海南省、县两级政府加大投入、利用教育系统人力资源优势,在教育保障、教育资助、贫困和留守儿童关爱等方面取得了良好效果。
Developing education is an important approach of poverty reduction, with a leading and fundamental role among the various approaches. For poverty reduction by developing education, the transformation from ideas to policies and to implementation is necessarily to be carried out by innovational practice, in which the degree of transformation reflects the reasonability and applicability of policy design. Hainan Province was one of the earliest regions to carry out poverty alleviation programs in education area, such as educational relocation program for poverty reduction purpose and poverty alleviation by developing vocational education program. Since the start of precision-targeted poverty alleviation, Hainan Province has established the goal of “all schooling, full funding, better schooling, and promoting growth”, and formulated a policy system, for poverty alleviation by developing education. Based on field investigation, the provincial-level ideas and policy design of Hainan Province are summarized. And then, the work experiences of precision-targeting poverty alleviation by developing education in the subordinate Qiongzhong county are summarized and used to verity that the higher-level ideas and policy design could be turned into reality by innovative grassroots practice. provincial and county governments of Hainan Province have increased investment and taken advantage of the rich human resources the education system, and have achieved good results in security of schooling, education funding, and caring of poor and left-behind children.