我国社会工作的合法性困境及其路径重构
The Plight and Reconstruction of the Legitimacy of Social Work in China

近十余年来，我国政府大力推动社会工作发展，然而，在实践中社会工作合法性依然频遭质疑，这折射出社会工作合法性具有多维理论意涵及实践特征。基于对既有理论与实践的批判性反思，本文从规制合法性、认同合法性、实效合法性三个维度建构了社会工作的合法性框架。高校、政府、社会工作者通过由外而内的知识引入、自上而下的制度建设、从到有的职业实践初步建构了社会工作合法性。然而，社会工作合法性依然存在非均衡性与非系统性、认同缺失与文化隔阂、脱离民众与成效不足等问题，导致其形成“悬浮”式实践逻辑。这就需要助推社会工作合法性从“悬浮”迈向“扎根”，通过以社会建设为导向，优化社会工作制度生态；增进文化与社会认同，促进社会工作本土适应；扎根日常生活实践，切实发挥社会工作的服务功能，以重构社会工作合法性，实现社会工作助力共享发展型社会建设的当代使命。
Over the past ten years, although the government has actively promoted the development of social work, the legitimacy of social work is still frequently questioned reflecting its multi-dimensional theoretical significance and practical characteristics. Based on the critical reflection on the existing theories and practices, this article constructs the framework of the legitimacy of social work from three dimensions of legitimacy of regulation, legitimacy of recognition, and legitimacy of effectiveness. Universities, governments and social workers have respectively and elementarily constructed the legitimacy of social work through the introduction of knowledge from outside to inside, top-down institutional construction, and the inexperienced social workers’ professional practices. However, the legitimacy of social work still encounters many problems such as the absence of balance and system, a lack of mutual recognition and the existence of cultural barriers, the isolation from the masses and the insufficiency of effectiveness, which finally lead to its suspended practical plight. This will require the legitimacy of social work to be taken root from the plight of suspension. Thus, the legitimacy of social work need the guide of the social development to optimize the whole social work system, the enhancement of mutual identity to localize social work, and the correlation with daily life practice, which can make the social work serve effectively, reconstruct the legitimacy of social work, and achieve the contemporary mission of social work to contribute to the realization of the shared and developed social construction.