改革开放 40 年来农村集体经济的变迁和未来发展
The Changes and Future Development of the Rural Collective Economy in the Past 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up

改革开放 40 年以来,农村集体经济发展的框架体系和发展模式纷繁复杂,城乡关系的变动塑造了集体经济发展的制度环境、资源条件和发展空间。 文章从中国独特的土地制度和集体经济发展重要政策的视角,以城乡关系的四个发展阶段对比,分析集体经济的发展轨迹。 集体经济的发展也经历了四个阶段,并在每一阶段都具有各自的形式与特征。 2012 年至今的新发展阶段,集体经济再发展的制度和政策基础逐步具备,未来发展需要进一步进行制度和组织创新。
Under the joint influence of national macroeconomic policies, land policies and marketization mechanisms, the rural collective economy has undergone major changes. Collective land ownership has been clearly protected and implemented as a collective economic foundation. The regional regions have gradually stepped out of stable and feasible value-added preservation path, but while achieving great achievements, it is also plagued by the loss of collective assets and unclear property rights. Since the reform and opening up, according to the collective land development mode and the degree of influence of collective economic entities at different stages, China’s collective economic development can be divided into four major stages. The framework system and development model of rural collective economic development are complicated. The changes in urban-rural relations have shaped the institutional environment, resource conditions and development space for collective economic development. This paper attempts to simlify the unique development track of collective economy from the perspective of China’s unique land system and important policies of collective economic development, in contrast to the four development stages of urban-rural relations and summarizes the mode of collective economic development. Experience and explore issues are related to how to improve and innovate collective economic development in the new stage of development.