农药知识培训:意愿、方式与实施主体选择
Pesticide knowledge training:Willingness,ways and choice of implementation main body

为了解农药培训对提高农民农药认知,降低农药负面影响的作用,以广东272个稻农为例,利用有序回归模型对农民的农药培训意愿、期望的培训方式和实施主体进行研究。结果表明:目前中国农民整体缺乏培训,但农民有着较高的农业培训需求,其中农药知识是农民最期望获得的培训内容;农民存有较高的参与农药知识培训的意愿,"农田实地指导教授"是农民最喜欢的培训方式,农技站和农业局则是农民最期望的培训实施主体;农民的参与意愿主要受到是否雇工、受教育程度、农药危害性认知、自我保护意识和年龄等因素的影响。据此,建议:1)农药知识培训工作应该由地方农业局或农技站负责组织实施,并以"农田实地指导教授"为主要方式,以刺激农药培训供给。2)在开展培训工作的同时,通过宣传教育的方式,重点提高年轻、家庭没有雇工的农户的农药危害性认知和自我保护意识,以提高农民的农药培训需求。
Pesticide training is a good way to improve farmers' perception of pesticides,and reduce the negative effects of pesticides.272 rice farmers in Guangdong have been taken as example,used the method of multiple regression to studied on farmers' willingness of pesticide training,training ways and implementation main body.Research result shows that:Firstly,the Chinese farmers are overall lack of training,but they have higher agricultural training needs,specially the pesticide knowledge training.Secondly,farmers have high level of willingness to participate in pesticide knowledge training."Professor farmland field guide" is farmers' favorite way of training,agro-technical station and agricultural bureau are the most desired training implementation main body.Thirdly,farmers' willingness are mainly affected by whether hire employees,level of education,pesticides harmfulness cognition,self-protection awareness and age.Therefore,we suggest that:Firstly,local government or agro-technical station should be responsible for organizing the pesticide knowledge training,and they should take "professor farmland field guide" as the main way,thus stimulating training supply;Secondly,government should pay more attention to farmers who are young or whose family have no hired labor,and improve their cognition of pesticides harmfulness and consciousness of protecting themselves by publicity and education,thus stimulating training demand.