省域尺度下畜禽粪便的农田消纳量及承载负荷研究
Study on the given amount per unit field and load capacity of livestock and poultry manure at provincial scale

为了解畜禽养殖粪便还田利用消除养殖污染的重要途径,在构建畜禽粪便的农田消纳量及承载负荷模型的基础上,在省域尺度下分析了我国不同省区主要畜禽类型粪便产生总氮(TN)、单位面积畜禽粪便TN的容纳量以及单位面积畜禽粪便TN的承载负荷。结果表明,全国畜禽粪便TN产生量是380.56万t,其中猪、奶牛、肉牛、蛋鸡和肉鸡粪便TN分别占41.2%、13.7%、8.7%、1.5%和34.9%,总量分布山东最高占到15.9%,其次河南占13.4%,河北第三占9.2%。单位面积的畜禽粪便TN容纳量北京最高,单位耕地面积达到83.2 kg/hm2,单位播种面积达到68.2 kg/hm2,低于耕地面积的承载量90 kg/hm2的安全消纳的临界点。基于欧盟标准,省域尺度下的TN承载负荷均小于0.5,其中北京最高,耕地面积下的承载负荷是0.48,播种面积下的承载负荷0.39。畜禽粪便TN负荷主要来自生猪与肉鸡,差不多是畜禽TN负荷的一半,因此,畜禽粪便污染的防治主要是生猪与肉鸡,其中重点是生猪。由此可见,我国农田消纳畜禽粪便的潜力较大,通过畜禽粪便还田利用能够有效的解决粪便污染问题。
Applying livestock and poultry manure (LPM) to field is the key approach of decontamination and a key model of the nutrient cycle in agricultural ecosystem.The models of the given amount per unit field (GAPU) and capacity load (CL) of LPM were constructed, and the total nitrogen (TN) production, GAPU, CL of LPM were analyzed at provincial scale.The TN of LPM was 380.56 million ton, TN of swine, cow, beef, laying hens and table poultry were 41.2%、13.7%、8.7%、1.5% and 34.9%, respectively.The TN of LPM was 15.9% of national amount in Shandong province, 13.4% in Henan province, and 9.2% in Hebei province.The highest GAPU of LPM was in Beijing:Farmland area per unit reached 83.2 kg/hm2 and sown area per unit was 68.2 kg/hm2, and they were less than the safety critical point 83.2 kg/hm2.The CL of LPM are all less than 0.5 at provincial scale based on the EU's standards, and the highest CL of LPM was in Beijing, which were 0.48 farmland area and 0.39 sown area, respectively.The CL of LPM was mainly from swine and table poultry and consisted of almost half of total amount.Therefore, the key of LPM pollution control is managing swine and table poultry manure.The potential of LPM application is still very large in China, and it is the most efficient approach to control manure pollution.