鸡粪锯末好氧堆肥过程中主要指标及反硝化细菌动态变化
Dynamic change of key indicators and denitrifying bacteria in chicken manure sawdust aerobic composting process

以鸡粪、锯末为原料进行高温好氧堆肥试验,研究不同初始含水率及堆肥方式下主要指标及反硝化细菌群落的动态变化规律,以期为控制堆肥过程中的氮素损失、提高堆肥肥效及保护农业生态环境提供理论依据。结果表明:1)反硝化细菌并非存在于整个堆肥过程且群落结构及物种组成变化性较大,而铵态氮是导致反硝化细菌群落结构变化的关键因素。2) 在堆肥结束时T1~T5硝态氮浓度为0.24、0.28、0.29、0.27、0.25 g/kg(即T3 > T2 > T4 > T5 > T1),而反硝化细菌群落的物种丰富度与稳定性分别是T1 > T5 > T2 > T4 > T3,反硝化作用决定堆肥过程中硝态氮的最终含量,初始含水率的降低有利于反硝化细菌群落物种丰富度与稳定性的提高。3)从农业生产的角度来说,T3处理(初始含水率70%,通风加搅拌) 硝化细菌群落物种较丰富稳定性较高,反硝化作用较弱且硝态氮含量最高,T3处理用于农业生产较理想。
High-temperature aerobic composting was conducted with chicken manure and sawdust as materials.By studying variations of the key indicators and the dynamic changes of denitrifying bacteria communities in composting process with different treatments, in order to provide a theoretical basis for controlling the nitrogen hormone loss, improving compost fertilizer as well as protecting agricultural ecological environment. Mainly draws the following conclusions:1) Denitrifying bacteria did not existed in the whole composting process and denitrifying bacteria community structure and species composition varied greatly throughout the composting process.Ammonium nitrogen is a key factor to lead to change in community structure of denitrifying bacteria.2) At the end of the compost, T1-T5 treatment of nitrate concentration was 0.24, 0.28, 0.29, 0.27, 0.25 g/kg(T3 > T2 > T4 > T5 > T1).Denitrifying bacteria community species richness and stability are T1 > T5 > T2 > T4 > T3.Denitrification determined the final content of nitrate in the composting process.Initial moisture content reduced was conducive to improving the richness and stability of denitrifying bacteria species.3) From the point of agricultural production, denitrification of T3(initial moisture content=70%, ventilation and agitation) treatment was weak, and nitrate content was the highest, so T3 treatment is better for agricultural production.