花前及花期高温对香白杏开花坐果的影响
Effects of high temperature in the pre-blooming and blooming periods on flower development and fruit set of Xiangbaixing

以‘香白杏’(Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.'Xiangbaixing')成年树和离体花束状果枝为试材,研究开花前及花期高温对花质量和物候期变化的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,扣棚期间棚内日均温升高3.6℃,日均最高温升高12℃,日均最低温降低0.5℃;开花前及花期高温使物候期加快,花期变短,棚内出现畸形花,高温(25℃)处理的离体果枝出现花蕾干枯、脱落的现象;开花前及花期高温会促使雌蕊长度、子房横径变小,雌蕊重量、完全花比例、花粉发芽率和座果率降低。由此可见,开花前和花期高温可促使香白杏提前开花,花期缩短,雌蕊长度、子房横径变短,完全花比例降低,雌蕊重量减小,花粉发芽率降低,从而导致雌蕊败育,雄蕊质量降低,最终造成座果率下降。
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of high temperature on the quality of flower and phenophases in the pre-blossom and blooming periods by using adult trees and in vitro bouquet branches of Xiangbaixing (Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.).The results indicated that:compared to the control,in the plastic greenhouse,the daily mean temperatures increased by 3.6℃,mean maximum temperatures increased by 12℃ and mean minimum temperatures reduced by 0.5℃;increase in temperature accelerated flower bud development,caused a hastening in flowering time and abnormal flowers emerged.The flower bud of vitro bouquet branches dried-up and shed in the treatment of high temperature(25℃);at higher temperatures,pistils showed short styles and unswelled ovaries.In the same time,the weight,the proportion of perfect flower,the rate of pollen germination and fruit set reduced.