劳动力转移、化肥过度使用与面源污染
Rural labortransfer, excessive fertilizer use and agricultural non-point source pollution

为研究农村劳动力由农业向非农产业转移对环境造成的影响,以当前最主要的农业污染源——化肥为例,基于2004-2013年中国31省的面板数据,运用STIRPAT模型考察了农村劳动力转移与化肥面源污染排放的关系。结果表明:劳动力非农转移促使农户在农业生产中投入更多的化肥,加重了中国化肥施用的面源污染;并且由于化肥面源污染排放增加速度高于劳动力转移速度,未来劳动力转移会继续放大化肥面源污染物排放量的增加。基于此,本研究认为对化肥面源污染进行有效控制,除应用污染防治技术外,还应当充分考虑到农村劳动力转移的影响;政府的农业治污减排政策应适应农业劳动力日益稀缺的现实,以确保政策"落地"。
To explore the effect of rural labor transfer on environment in China, which have been paid less attention compared with that on economics.Based on the panel data of 31 provinces of China over the year of 2004-2013, the relationship between rural labor transfer and non-point source pollution from agricultural fertilizer application was analyzed by using the STIRPAT model.The results show that:The rural labor transferring has positive impacts on the fertilizer input non-point source pollution, and along with the rural labor transferring, the intensity of fertilizer input non-point source pollution subsequently increases;Because of the increase rate of fertilizer input the non-point source pollution was higher than that of rural labor transfer itself, and the rural labor transferring would continue to amplify the increase of fertilizer input non-point source pollution.Based on this study, we suggested that more attention needs to be paid on the consequences of rural labor transfer in addition to application of non-point source pollution management technology.