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- 2018
培养条件下添加有机废弃物对土壤氮磷养分有效性的影响
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Abstract:
为探究不同有机废弃物配施化肥对不同肥力土壤养分含量的变化，通过室内恒温恒湿好气培养试验，监测了施用不同有机废弃物（猪粪、秸秆、木本泥炭和糖蜜）并配施无机肥料对不同土壤肥力（低肥力土壤、高肥力土壤）中碳氮磷含量的影响。结果表明：土培试验90d后，土壤肥力和有机废弃物类别均表现出对土壤养分的差异性影响，其中化肥配施有机废弃物可以显著提高低肥力土壤的总氮含量，提高比例可达25.78%~63.92%，但仅有施用化肥+木本泥炭和化肥+糖蜜的处理可以显著提高高肥力土壤的有机碳和总氮含量，分别提高了27.18%、53.53%和24.04%、56.15%，且高肥力土壤更易于将氮素转化为硝态氮存留在土壤中，木本泥炭和糖蜜对土壤氮素转化和磷素活化的效果较优，低、高肥力土壤有效磷（Olsen-P）含量分别提高了65.98%、130.13%和50.25%、74.84%。由此可知，对于不同土壤肥力应采用不同的养分管理策略，采用有机废弃物配施化肥有利于提高肥料的利用效率，并活化土壤自身养分，其中木本泥炭和糖蜜的效果最佳。
To investigate the influence of organic wastes and soil fertility on nutrition contents in soil, twelve treatments were designed with 4 types of organic wastes (pig manure, straw, woody peat and molasses) and two types of soil (low-fertility soil and high-fertility soil), supplied with same chemical fertilizer (diammonium phosphate). The results showed that both waste and soil influenced soil nutrition content in soil after 90 d incubation without plant. For the low-fertility soil, all organic wastes affected its nitrogen contents, with the ratio ranged 25.78%-63.92%. When used together with chemical fertilizer, only the woody peat and molasses significantly increased the nutrition contents, at the ratio of 27.18%, 53.53%and 24.04%, 56.15% for organic carbon and nitrogen, respectively. The soil nitrogen was more easily to be transferred to nitrate-N from ammonium-N in high-fertility soil afterwards. The effects of woody peat and molasses were better to transfer ammonium-N into nitrate-N, and activate phosphorous. The contents of Olsen-P were respectively increased by 65.98% and 130.13% in low-fertility, and 50.25% and 74.84% in high-fertility soil in the treatments used woody peat and molasses. In conclusion, the nutrition management should be set based on the soil fertility. The organic wastes could increase the chemical fertilizer efficiency and activate the phosphorous. The woody peat and molasses were the two better organic wastes.
