西藏林芝高产春青稞品种冠层形态结构特性分析
Analysis on canopy architecture and growth performance of high yield spring barley cultivars in Tibet region

为探明冠层形态结构特性对林芝地区春青稞产量的影响，以高产和中高产2种类型8个春青稞品种为材料，采用高产栽培方法，分析了高产春青稞品种群体动态及其冠层形态结构特性。试验结果表明：高产品种与中高产品种相比，1）产量：平均高28.5%；2）单位面积穗数、穗粒数、平方米粒数和千粒重平均分别高8.5%、10.4%、15.6% 和16.1%；3）分蘖期最大总茎数低20.11%，干物质积累量低28.3%；拔节期-灌浆期间分蘖消亡速度低17.44%；抽穗期干物质积累量高17.5%，分蘖成穗率高9.06%；4）冠层形态：上三叶叶面积分别大94.52%、59.02% 和40.50%；上三叶基角、开张角和披垂度均表现为旗叶 < 倒二叶 < 倒三叶的规律；具有较高的株高和基部第2节间粗短的茎秆特性以及长穗和穗下节间长而粗的穗部特性。
In order to understand the relationships of canopy architecture and yield formation in spring barley,a two-year experiment (2014-2015) was conducted by using eight spring barley cultivars in Linzhi area,Tibet.The results showed that high-yield (HY) cultivars had 28.5% higher mean yield than those medium-yield (MY) cultivars,probably as a results of increasing in ear/m2 by 8.5%,spike lets per ear by 10.4%,spike lets/m2 by 15.6%,and kernel weight by 16.1%,respectively.At tiller stage,mean maximum tiller number of HY cultivars was 20.11% lower than that of MY cultivars,and dry matter accumulation was 28.3% lower.Tiller mortality mainly appeared in the period from elongation to grain-filling stage,and the mortality rate of HY cultivars was 17.44% lower than that of MY cultivars.At heading stage,HY cultivars were superior to MY cultivars in dry matter accumulation and percentage of ear-bearing tillers with 17.5% and 9.06% higher,respectively.Regarding canopy architecture,top three leaves area of HY barley cultivars were 94.52,59.02 and 40.50% larger than that of MY cultivars,respectively.The values of basic leaf angle,open angle,and leaf drooping degree of the top three leaves of HY cultivars showed the same pattern:flag leaf < 2nd top leaf < 3rd top leaf.Furthermore,HY cultivars had higher plant height,thicker and shorter basal 2nd internode,and longer ears with a longer and stronger jointed internode.