滴灌大豆干物质积累、分配及产量分布特性研究
Characteristics of dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield of high-yield soybean

在滴灌条件下研究13-96、13-139、黑农61、新大豆27号、11-109 5个大豆品种(系)干物质积累与分配、叶面积指数(LAI)、光合势(LAD)和产量分布。结果表明:各大豆品种LAI和LAD均随生育进程的推进呈"先升后降"的变化趋势,于结荚期至鼓粒期达到最大。黑农61、新大豆27号和11-109籽粒产量达到5 325.6~5 648.5 kg/hm2高产水平,主要是由于主茎10~17节的荚数、粒数和腔数增加所致,最大叶面积指数达5.8~6.4,全生育期总光合势为3 013 150~3 260 163 m2·d/hm2,茎秆、叶片、叶柄、荚皮和籽粒5个器官所占比例分别为19.2%~25.8%、12.6%~24.4%、10.8%~13.2%、14.5%~23.0%和21.7%~34.4%,收获指数和粒茎比分别为0.216~0.344、0.8~1.8。试验证实大豆高产潜力大的生理基础是花后主茎中上部叶面积较大、总光合势较高、籽粒干重活跃期较长和干物质积累速率下降缓慢。
Under the condition of drip irrigation, field experiments to investigate dry matter accumulation and distribution, leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic potential (LAD) and yield distribution of five soybean cultivars, 13-96, 13-139, Heinong 61, Xindadou 27, and 11-109 were conducted.The results showed that:With the development of soybean plant, LAI and LAD were increased first and decreased afterwards, and reached maximum at pod-setting stage and seed-filling period;Grain production of Heinong 61, Xindadou 27 and 11-109 reached 5 325.6-5 648.5 kg/hm2 high yield levels due to increased grain and main stem cavity of and pods numbers from 10 to 17th section;Maximum leaf area index was 5.8-6.4.Total photosynthetic potential growth period was 3 013 150-3 260 163 m2·d/hm2.Biological production reached 19 139.4-20 556.8 kg/hm2.And proportions of stems, leaves, petioles, pods and grain leather were 19.2%-25.8%, 12.6%-24.4%, 10.8%-13.2%, 14.5%-23.0% and 21.7%-34.4% respectively.Harvest index and ratio of grain and stem was 21.6%-34.4% and 0.8-1.8.Physiological basis for the high yield potential is due to larger leaf area in the upper part of the main stem after flowering, greater total photosynthetic potential and longer active period of grain dry weight and slower decline in the rate of dry matter accumulation.