河套灌区调亏畦灌对加工番茄生长发育、产量和果实品质的影响
Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on the plant growth, yield and quality of processing tomato under border irrigation in Hetao Irrigation District

采用大田畦灌试验,研究花期和坐果期分别实施67%和33%的灌水量对河套地区加工番茄生长发育、产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明:花期水分亏缺会使土壤电导率显著增大,而坐果期不明显。各调亏处理的硬度均显著增大,储藏性能得到了提高。调亏处理后口感品质指标(可溶性固形物、有机酸与糖酸比)和营养品质指标(维生素C、可溶性糖与番茄红素)平均值均高于充分灌溉处理,且随亏缺度加深而不同幅度增加,但只有可溶性固形物TSS和维生素C含量在重度亏缺时达到显著差异;在轻度亏缺下,坐果期处理优于花期,有效产量和水分生产率相对对照分别提高了10.25%和7.28%。在加工番茄果期实施67%灌水量的轻度亏缺,可以得到最高有效产量和水分生产率,且各外观品质、储藏品质、口感品质和营养品质均有所提高。
Border irrigation experiments were conducted to study the effect of regulated deficit irrigation, which means 33% or 67% of full irrigation water at flowering and fruit-bearing period, on the plant growth, yield and quality of tomato in Hetao Irrigaton District.The results showed that:Water deficit at flowering stage increased soil electrical conductivity (EC) significantly, while the increase was not obvious at fruit-bearing period;The firmness of fruit was significantly increased, hence improved its storage performance;The taste quality indicators (total soluble solids, organic acids and sugar acid ratio) and nutritional quality index (vitamin C, soluble sugar and lycopene) were higher than those of CK, and greater with the increase of the deficit degree.However, only SS and VC under severe deficit reached significant difference;Under mild deficit condition, merit at fruit-bearing period is more obvious than that at flowering period, and the yield and water productivity increased by 10.25% and 7.28% than full irrigation, respectively.In conclusion, in order to achieve the highest yield and water productivity and improve the appearance quality, storage quality, taste quality and nutrition quality of fruit, mild deficit at flowering stage was most reasonable for tomato under border irrigation in Hetao Irrigaton District.