不同地表覆盖措施对土壤水热特性及玉米生长发育的影响
Effect of different soil surface mulching measures on characteristics of soil hydro-thermal property and growth of maize

为探究不同地表覆盖措施在半干旱地区旱作农业生产中的适宜性，在宁夏盐池县进行随机小区试验，设置了4种不同地表覆盖措施（地膜覆盖、砾石覆盖、牲畜粪便覆盖、秸秆覆盖）和对照（无覆盖）对土壤含水量与土壤温度的影响，并比较了玉米的出苗率以及生长状况的差异。试验结果表明：1）地膜覆盖和砾石覆盖具有较好的增温效果，有利于提高玉米的出苗率和促进玉米拔节，并有利于延长作物的生长期；2）4种不同覆盖措施均有一定的保持土壤水分效应，其中牲畜粪便覆盖效果显著；3）4种不同覆盖措施都显著增加了不同生育期玉米的株高、茎粗和叶面积值；4）与对照相比，4种覆盖措施均显著提高了玉米的产量，其中以牲畜粪便覆盖最高，砾石覆盖和地膜覆盖产量次之，秸秆覆盖玉米产量最低。因此，本研究认为当地最适宜的地表覆盖措施为牲畜粪便覆盖，其次为砾石覆盖。
In order to determine the appropriate surface mulching measures in semi-arid areas,an experiment with randomized block design was conducted.The effects of four different soil surface mulching measures (including plastic film mulching,gravel mulching,animal manure mulching,straw mulching) and CK on soil water,temperature,the rate of emergence and maize growth in Yanchi County were investigated.The results showed that:1) Plastic film mulching and gravel mulching displayed good effects of increasing soil temperature which was conducive to the emerging,jointing and prolonging stages of crop development;2) Four soil surface mulching measures preserved the soil moisture,but the effect of animal manure mulching on soil water retention was the most significant;3) Four soil surface mulching measures increased plant height,stem diameter values,leaf area of maize at emergence,jointing,trumpet and heading stages of crop development;4) Four soil surface mulching measures increased the yield of maize,and the yield in the treatment of animal manure mulching was the highest,which followed by gravel mulching and the plastic film mulching compared to the CK.In conclusion,the appropriate surface mulching measure of maize is animal manure mulching followed by gravel mulching under the experiment condition.