特定农产品碳足迹评价及碳标签制定的探索
Assessmentof carbon footprint for a specific agricultural product and discussion of carbon label designing

为推动碳减排，缓解气候变化，本研究基于生命周期评价法（LCA），对华北平原某面粉厂面粉生产碳足迹进行核算，并对产品碳标签的制定及其对策建议进行探讨，研究结果显示：不同等级面粉生产的碳足迹为0.98~1.07 kg/kg，其中，小麦生产过程中化肥使用和灌溉耗能占比最大，分别占总碳足迹的47%和29%，研究结果可为面粉生产节能减排策略提供理论支持。另外，基于国内外的研究现状，未来我国农业生产减排不仅要从产品过程着手，同时还应完善我国碳标签制度，应尽快制定碳标签核算标准，建立完善的碳足迹数据库，建立第三方机构，完善碳汇市场与经济市场及国内外市场接轨的对策。
To reduce carbon emissions and mitigate climate change, based on concept of carbon footprint (CF) of a product, a case study of CF for flour production in North China Plain was calculated by life cycle assessment (LCA). On the basis of CF research, carbon labels of product and countermeasures and suggestions were discussed. The results indicated that the CF of different class flour productions were 0.98-1.07 kg/kg(CO2-eq). Among CF components of different type flours, chemical fertilizer and energy consumption of irrigation were the main components, which occupied 47% and 29% of the total CF. The results would provide theoretical bases for energy conservation and carbon emission reduction in flour production in China. In the future, China should not only lower the carbon emission of the product process, but also establish the carbon label system by establishing and improving the CF of the database, developing the standards of carbon label of agriculture productions, introducing the third-party agency, integrating carbon trade market and economic market, and connecting domestic and international market to complete the whole carbon labeling system and mitigate the changing climate.