杀菌剂防治水稻病害田间药效试验区域布局研究
Location analysis for fungicides efficacy trials to prevent major diseases of rice

为研究不同水稻病害杀菌剂田间药效试验区域布局,统计分析2011—2013年全国水稻种植面积、水稻生产中8种主要病害的发生面积并将其按照大小划分为4个等级,结合GIS软件绘制水稻种植与病害发生分布的地理信息矢量图,以此研判杀菌剂防治水稻主要病害田间药效试验区域布局的省区最佳选择。结果表明,我国水稻以黑龙江、湖南及江西为主要种植区域,水稻纹枯病、稻瘟病及稻曲病发病最为严重。适宜不同杀菌剂的田间药效试验区域差异较大,其中防治主要病害水稻纹枯病药效试验最适区域为湖南、江西、江苏和湖北,稻瘟病最适试验区域为黑龙江、湖南、江西和广西,稻曲病最适试验区域为湖南、湖北、江西和安徽。区划结果为水稻病害综合治理及杀菌剂登记田间药效试验科学管理提供重要依据。
To choose locations for fungicides efficacy trials,the occurrence areas of 8 main rice diseases in 31 planting areas of China in 2011—2013 were analyzed.Diseases severity in these 31 areas were divided into four grades based on the occurrence areas,and the best locations for fungicides field efficacy trials were selected using GIS software.The results showed that Heilongjiang,Hunan and Jiangxi were the main rice planting areas.Although the major kinds of diseases were prevalent differently in planting areas because of the diversity of ecological conditions,rice sheath blight,rice blast and rice false smut were the most serious diseases overall.The locations that suitable for different fungicides efficacy trials vary widely:For rice sheath blight,the best provinces were Hunan,Jiangxi,Jiangsu,Hubei;for rice blast,the provinces were Heilongjiang,Hunan,Jiangxi,Guangxi;for rice false smut,the provinces were Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi,Anhui.The research provided scientific basis for fungicides registration on selecting which provinces to do field efficacy trials as well as the rice diseases integrated management.