大学新生主观社会地位与抑郁的变化轨迹:一项多元潜变量增长模型分析
The Longitudinal Effects of Subjective Social Status on Depression in Chinese College Freshmen Transition: A Multivariate Latent Growth Approach

采用整群取样的方法在全国按东部、中部和西部共抽取了7所高校的1983名新生，进行了历时四个月的四次追踪测试。使用潜变量增长模型建模，分别考察了新生主观社会地位和抑郁的变化轨迹，并就两者间的变化关系进行了分析。结果发现新生入学后四个月内：（1）主观社会地位呈阶段化线性增长，其起始水平和第一阶段的增长速度存在显著个体间差异；（2）抑郁呈二次方增长，其起始水平和增长速度存在显著个体间差异；（3）入学后主观社会地位的下滑速度能有效预测新生抑郁水平的上升速度。研究基于情绪压制理论，对主观社会地位与抑郁间的变化关系进行了分析。
In this study, 1983 college freshmen were recruited by cluster sampling from 7 universities in China. The subjective social status and depression of the freshmen were evaluated by the Subjective Social Status Index System of College Students and the Self-Rating Depression Scale for four times. Latent growth modeling was used to examine the growth trajectories of subjective social status and depression, and the longitudinal effects of subjective social status on depression were analyzed by using multivariate latent growth modeling. The findings were as followed:(1) the growth trajectory of freshmen's subjective social status is piecewise linear, and the first month is the predetermined knot, where there was a significant decline in subjective social status, then it began to rise slowly; (2) the depression level of freshmen increased in a quadratic linear trajectory, and it also found that there existed significant variation among individuals in the initial level and growth rate, but the initial levels of depression and its growth rate were not related; (3) the multivariate latent growth model suggested that the initial level of subjective social status can effectively predicted the initial level of depression (β=-0.37,p<0.001), and the decline slope of subjective social status in the first month had significant effects on the slope (β=-0.38,p<0.001) and quadratic slope (β=0.37,p<0.01) of depression. Those findings suggest that not only subjective social status will affect the individuals' depression in the long term, but also directly affect the individuals' depression in the short term. The negative contrast effects on subjective social status of college freshmen are important reasons for the decline in their mental health.