流动儿童的歧视知觉与学校适应:一项追踪研究
The Relation between Perceived Discrimination and Migrant Children's School Adaptation: A Longitudinal Study

采用追踪研究考察了流动儿童的歧视知觉与学校适应之间的双向关系及其是否存在性别差异。分别在初一和初二上学期，邀请流动儿童（男孩157人，女孩124人；M年龄=13.09岁，SD=1.13）填写歧视知觉问卷，邀请父母及老师评价流动儿童在学校的适应情况。结果表明，男孩知觉到的歧视和学校适应问题显著高于女孩。流动儿童第一年知觉到的歧视正向预测其第二年的学校适应问题，但儿童第一年的学校适应问题不能预测其第二年的歧视知觉，二者之间的关系不存在性别差异。本研究表明，歧视体验和知觉对流动儿童的学校适应具有单向的、消极的影响。
The present study examined the bi-directional relations between perceived discrimination and migrant children's school adaptation, and whether the relation varied with gender, with longitudinal design and multiple informants. Two hundred and eighty-one children (157 boys and 124 girls) and their parents and teachers participated in the study. When children were in grade 7 (Mage=13.09 years,SD=1.13)(T1) and grade 8 (T2), they were asked to report their perceived discrimination, and teachers and parents were respectively asked to report children's problem behaviors. The results indicated that: (1) boys perceived more discrimination and had more externalizing and learning problems than girls at both T1 and T2, however, they did not differ in internalizing problems; (2) children's perceived discrimination at T1 positively predicted teacher-reported externalizing and learning problems, and parent-reported internalizing problems at T2, and marginally significantly positively predicted parent-reported externalizing and learning problems at T2, whereas the prediction from children's school adaptation at T1 to children's perceived discrimination at T2 was nonsignificant; (3) the relation between perceived discrimination and migrant children's problem behaviors did not vary with gender. These results indicated that perceived discrimination was generally detrimental to migrant children's adjustment.