元语言意识和快速命名对小学生汉字听写的影响
Effects of Metalinguistic Awareness and Rapid Automatized Naming on Character Dictation for Pupils

汉字听写是小学生读写能力的重要组成部分，受多种认知技能影响。以858名小学一至六年级学生为对象，考察了元语言意识（语音意识、语素意识、正字法意识）和快速命名对汉字听写的影响，在控制了智力和口语词汇的影响后，结果发现：（1）语音意识和正字法意识在低年级儿童的汉字听写中起着重要作用，对中、高年级没有显著影响；（2）快速命名在中、高年级儿童的汉字听写中起着独特作用，而对低年级没有显著影响；（3）语素意识对整个小学阶段的汉字听写都起着重要作用。研究结果表明，各认知技能在儿童不同的发展阶段对汉字听写的作用有所不同。
Character dictation is an important task in Chinese pupils' literacy development, which is influenced by many cognitive skills. The present cross-sectional study investigated the contribution of metalinguistic awareness and rapid automatized naming to character dictation from grade 1 to grade 6.In this study, 858 children were administered by a battery of tests about metalinguistic awareness (e.g., phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and orthographic awareness), rapid automatized naming and character dictation, with non-verbal IQ and vocabulary knowledge as control variables. With IQ and vocabulary knowledge controlled,the results showed that (1) phonological awareness and orthographic awareness played important roles in low grades; (2) rapid automatized naming played an important role in intermediate and high grades; (3) morphological awareness explained unique variance of character dictation in all grades. Every cognitive skill played a different role in different grade level.