3~6岁幼儿目标取向、自我效能感与自我控制的关系
Goal Orientation, Self-efficacy, and Self-control among 3~6 Years Old Children

自我控制是自我意识的重要成分,是儿童自主发展的重要前提。通过问卷调查法对241名3~6岁幼儿被试进行调查,考察其目标取向、自我效能感和自我控制的发展及三者关系。结果发现:(1)3~6岁幼儿的任务目标取向居于主导,女孩的他人目标取向比男孩明显,幼儿四类目标取向的发展皆呈现先上升后下降复又上升的趋势;幼儿的自我效能感居于中等水平,自我控制居于中等偏上水平;女孩的自觉性和自制力水平明显高于男孩;幼儿的自我延迟满足在4岁发生明显转折;(2)自我提升目标取向显著正向预测自我控制;(3)自我效能感在自我提升目标取向与自我控制关系间存在部分中介效应。
Self-control is an important element of the self-awareness, and is an important precondition for children's independent development. Based on a sample of 241 3~6 years old children,the research explores the relationship among children's goal orientation, self-control and self-efficacy. The result shows that: (1)The task goal orientation of 3~6 years old children is obvious,the level of girls' goal orientation for others is obviously higher than boys', and significant age differences in goal orientation exist. The self-efficacy of 3~6 years old children is at the medium level, and their self-control is above the medium level. The level of girls' self-consciousness and self-control are higher than boys' obviously. The children's delay of gratification develops rapidly at the age of four. (2)Self-improvement goal orientation significantly and positively predicts self-control. (3)Self-efficacy partially mediates the prediction between self-improvement goal orientation and self-control.