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- 2017
三种壳类植物纤维/聚氯乙烯复合材料性能比较
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Abstract:
以壳类植物纤维（榛子壳、椰壳、稻壳）为填料，以聚氯乙烯（PVC）为基体，采用挤出成型工艺制备三种壳类植物纤维/PVC复合材料。对三种壳类植物纤维进行了成分分析；对三种壳类植物纤维/PVC复合材料进行了力学性能和吸水性能测试，并进行了FTIR和TG-DSC联用法分析，用SEM观察了复合材料断面微观结构。结果表明：三种壳类植物材料中，稻壳纤维素含量最高，稻壳纤维/PVC复合材料有较好的结合界面和力学性能，稻壳纤维/PVC复合材料弯曲强度为69.79 MPa，分别比椰壳纤维/PVC和榛子壳纤维/PVC复合材料高4.34%和24.87%。三种壳类植物纤维/PVC复合材料24h吸水率均小于1%，其中椰壳纤维/PVC复合材料吸水性较小，其24 h吸水率为0.600 5%，榛子壳纤维/PVC复合材料热稳定性较好。三种壳类植物纤维/PVC复合材料力学性能和吸水性均符合国家标准GB/T 24137-2009和GB/T 24508-2009要求。 Three types of plant fibers (hazelnut shell,coconut shell,and rice-husk) were separately added into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the fillers to prepare three types of husk's fibers/PVC composites through the extrusion molding process.The components of the plant fibers were analyzed and the mechanical property and water absorbency capability of the composites were tested.The FTIR spectra analysis and TG-DSC analysis was conducted on the husk's fibers/PVC composites.The section microstructures of the composites were observed by SEM.The results show that the rice-husk is the richest in cellulose,and rice-husk/PVC composite has the best binding interface and mechanical properties with bending strength at 69.79 MPa,which is 4.34% and 24.87% higher than that of the coconut shell/PVC and the hazelnut shell/PVC composites,respectively.The water absorption in 24 h of the comoposites are all below 1%,and the coconut shell/PVC composite has the lowest water absorption rate among them,which is 0.600 5% in 24h,while the hazelnut shell/PVC composite has the best heat stability.The mechanical property and water absorbency capability of husk's fibers/PVC composites are all up to GB/T 24137-2009 and GB/T 24508-2009,respectively. 国家级大学生创新训练计划项目（SRT）（201510307090）
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