超微竹炭增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备与性能
Fabrication and properties of polypylene matrix composites reinforced by ultrafine bamboo-char

为提高聚丙烯（PP）基复合材料的力学性能和热学性能，将不同质量分数的超微竹炭（UFBC）作为增强体引入聚丙烯，通过熔融挤出及注塑成型工艺制备UFBC/PP复合材料。利用SEM和DSC分析、力学强度和吸湿性测试等手段综合表征复合材料性能。结果表明：UFBC与PP基体间界面结合紧密；UFBC的添加对PP复合材料的力学强度有较好的增强效果：UFBC质量分数为30wt%时，UFBC/PP复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度达到较大值，分别为26 MPa和54 MPa，较纯PP分别提高了9%和18%，UFBC/PP复合材料的耐湿性仍保持较佳水平，吸湿率均小于0.1%；UFBC质量分数为40wt%时，熔融温度提高了3.1℃；UFBC质量分数为50wt%时，UFBC/PP复合材料的结晶温度提高了10.8℃。UFBC的添加有效促进了UFBC/PP复合材料的结晶，改善了其加工性。 To improve the mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP) matrix composites, ultrafine bamboo-char (UFBC) was introduced into PP by twin-screw extrusion and injection moulding. Effects of different mass fractions of UFBC on the properties of the resulting UFBC/PP composites were investigated. A combination of SEM, DSC, mechanical test and moisture absorption test was performed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the structure and properties of UFBC/PP composites. Uniform dispersion of UFBC in the PP matrix and good interaction via physical interfacial interlocks were observed with SEM. The addition of UFBC has remarkable impact on mechanical properties of the composites. Tensile strength and bending strength increase with the increase of UFBC contents, and reach maximum values of 26 MPa and 54 MPa, respectively when 30% mass fraction of UFBCaddition is used, which increase by 9% and 18% comparing with those of PP.The moisture resistance of UFBC/PP composites is still excellent, and the moisture absorption is less than 0.1%.DSC analysis illustrates that melting temperature increases by 3.1℃ when mass fraction of UFBC is 40%, and the crystallization temperature increases by 10.8℃ when the mass fraction of UFBC is 50%. The crystallization and fabricability of composites are improved with the addition of UFBC. 浙江省自然科学基金（LY16E030003）；浙江省科技厅公益技术资助项目（2016C33103）