高性能二维碳/碳复合材料的制备与性能
Preparation and properties of high performance two-dimensional carbon/carbon composites

为获得高性能热结构复合材料，以国产T300碳纤维为原料，通过碳布预浸料交替铺层热压及液相浸渍裂解工艺方法制备了一系列二维碳/碳复合材料，并对二维碳/碳复合材料的微观结构特征、力学性能及烧蚀性能进行了测试与分析。研究结果表明：碳布规格及制备工艺对二维碳/碳复合材料力学性能有较大影响，当碳布规格选用八枚缎纹、经过碳化预处理且高温处理温度达到2 300℃时，二维碳/碳复合材料表现出较好的综合性能，拉伸强度和层间剪切强度的最大值分别高达301 MPa和12.4 MPa，达到了国际先进水平；在模拟典型服役环境考核状态下，制备的不同规格二维碳/碳复合材料的烧蚀性能基本相当，均未出现由于层间强度偏低而发生的烧蚀揭层现象，表现出较好的烧蚀均匀性和结构可靠性。 In order to obtain hot structure composites with high performances, a series of two-dimensional carbon/carbon composites was prepared with the domestic T300 carbon fiber as raw material by carbon cloth prepreg layer alternating ply hot pressing and liquid impregnation pyrolysis method, and the microstructure features, mechanical properties and ablation properties of two dimensional carbon/carbon composites were characterized and discussed. The investigation results show that the types of carbon cloth and preparation process have obvious effects on the mechanical properties of two dimensional carbon/carbon composites. When the type of carbon cloth selects eight heddle satin, after carbonization pre-treatment and the temperature of high temperature treatment reaches 2 300℃, the highest values of tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength for two dimensional carbon/carbon composites reach 301 MPa and 12.4 MPa respectively, which reach the international advanced level. The ablation properties for different two dimensional carbon/carbon composites are almost the same under the simulated inspection status of typical service condition. None of them has the ablation peeling off phenomenon due to the low interlaminar strength, showing good ablation uniformity and structural reliability.