资源配置与中国非农部门全要素生产率* ——基于制造业和服务业之间资源错配的分析
RESOURCE ALLOCATION AND NONAGRICULTURE TFP IN CHINA ——A Study Based on Resource Misallocation between Manufacturing and Service Sectors

摘要 近年来，经济学家与政策制定者之间逐渐达成共识：有限的资源未能得到优化配置是阻碍发展中经济体生产率水平提升的重要原因。本文以1993—2011年中国制造业和服务业分行业数据为研究样本，从经验层面上系统分析了制造业和服务业之间的资源错配对中国非农部门TFP的影响。本文研究发现：（1）相对于中国制造业TFP的持续改善，服务业的TFP则长期徘徊在低位，二者之间的资源错配程度在进入21世纪后明显加重，造成非农部门TFP近40%的损失；（2）21世纪以来，制造业和服务业间的资源错配绝大部分来源于装备制造业与生产性服务业之间的错配；（3）装备制造业和生产性服务业之间的资本错配普遍高于劳动力错配。本文的引申含义是，现阶段的产业政策目标主要应定位于促进制造业和服务业二者之间的协调发展。
Abstract： In recent years，economists have gradually reached a consensus with policy makers: one of the most important reasons that decreases productivity in developing economies is the misallocation of limited resourcesUsing Chinas manufacturing and service data during 1993—2011，this paper analyzes the impact of misallocation between manufacturing and service sector on Chinas nonagricultural TFPThe result shows as followsThe resource misallocation between manufacturing and service sector causes 40% nonagricultural TFP loss since 2000The resource misallocation between manufacturing and service sector mainly comes from the misallocation between equipment manufacturing industry and producer servicesThe capital misallocation between equipment manufacturing industry and producer services is higher than the labor misallocationThis paper suggests that the industrial policy should be aimed at promoting the coordinated development between manufacturing and service sector