内涵服务与中国制造业分工地位提升：出口增加值视角*
EMBEDDED SERVICE AND SPECIALIZATION STATUS OF CHINAS MANUFACTURING: EVIDENCE FROM VALUE ADDED IN EXPORT

摘要 作为重要的中间品，服务投入已经成为影响制造业分工地位的重要因素。基于出口增加值视角，本文利用WIOD数据库测算并考察了内涵服务对中国制造业分工地位的影响。结果表明：（1）尽管中国制造业出口增加值中内涵服务总额处于增长态势，但占比在金融危机以后出现了下降，且大大低于德国、日本等制造业强国，要素投入服务化趋势还没有充分显现；（2）内涵服务占比上升在总体上有利于中国制造业分工地位提高，且主要是通过内涵本国服务发挥作用；（3）进一步细分研究发现，中间产品内涵服务和来源于OECD国家的内涵服务对中国制造业分工地位提升作用更为显著。内涵服务占比较低是“中国制造”长期处于全球价值链中低端的重要原因。未来需要加快国内服务业改革开放和高端服务“引进来”，为制造业向中高端攀升提供强有力的支持。
Abstract： As one kind of indispensable intermediates，service has become an important determinant to affect the specialization status of manufacturingFrom the view of value added in export，this paper calculates the effect of embedded service on the specialization status of manufacturing by using WIOD databaseThe empirical results indicate that service embedded in Chinas manufacturings value added in export has been increasing，but the ratio began to decrease from the financial crisis in 2008 and is lower than that of German and JapanEmbedded service has a positive impact on the upgrading of Chinas manufacturing，mainly through the embedded domestic serviceFurther，the service embedded in intermediate goods and from OECD has played an important role“Made in China” has been trapped in lower position of Global Value Chains due to the lower ratio of embedded serviceIn the future，China should take measures to reform domestic service industry and bring in “highend” service，providing strong support for upgrading of Chinas manufacturing