中国老年人社会养老服务利用的影响因素
Determinants of Utilization of Social Care Service for Older Persons in China

摘要 社会养老服务供需失衡问题日益受到关注，以往学者大多从供给侧或界面障碍的角度进行研究，在此从需求侧角度关注社会养老服务利用的规律性。文章基于“生物人—经济人—社会人”的多元人性假设理论提出研究思路和假设，并使用 2014 年“中国老年社会追踪调查” ( CLASS) 数据，应用多元线性回归方法对 1568 位具有社会养老服务利用行为的老年人数据进行分析。研究发 现:老年人的生理属性、经济属性和社会属性对其社会养老服务利用具有显著影响，社会养老服务利 用呈现出“亲知识分子”、“亲中高收入群体”和“亲社会资本”的倾向; 城乡老年人社会养老服务利用的影响因素存在显著差异，农村老年人主要由其生理属性驱动，城市老年人则主要由其经济属性和社会属性驱动。
Abstract：The supply-demand imbalance in social care service for older persons is attracting more and more attention in ageing studies. From the demand-side perspective，this paper discusses the regu- larity in the social care service utilization. Based on the multi-dimensional human nature hypothesis of “Biological Man-Economic Man-Social Man”，this paper examines influencing factors of utilization of social care service for older persons using data of China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey ( CLASS) in 2014 and multivariate linear regression model. The research finds that physiological，economic，and social properties of older persons have significant influence on the service utilization. The services tend to be mostly utilized by the intellectuals，the high-to-medium income group，and those with better social capital. There are salient differences in the influencing factors affecting the service utilization in urban and ru- ral areas. The service utilization in rural areas is mainly driven by physiological properties and that in ur- ban areas is determined by their economic and social properties.