中国农村劳动力转移与农村家庭收入 ——对山区和非山区的比较研究
Rural Labor Transfer and Rural Household Income in China:A Comparison between Mountainous and Non-Mountainous Areas

摘要 文章在“新劳动力迁移经济学”分析框架基础上,构建了一个能够比较山区和非山区农村劳动力转移与农村家庭收入相互作用关系异同的扩展模型,考察和分析了我国农村劳动力转移对山区人口贫困化的影响。 发现山区农业收入受到劳动力减少的负面影响较非山区更大;山区农村劳动力打工汇款对农业收入具有替代效应,致使农业收入减少,非山区农村劳动力打工汇款却能促进农业收入的增长;农村劳动力减少和打工汇款增加对农村非农业收入分别形成负向和正向作用,但在山区和非山区之间无显著差异。 山区农业机械化生产难题是造成劳动力转移对山区农业收入负面影响的主要原因,这使山区农村家庭更容易陷入劳动力过度转移、生活更趋贫困化的恶性循环。
Abstract：This paper compares the differences of the relationships between labour transfer and rural household income in mountainous and non-mountainous areas by extending the NELM(new economics of labour migration)framework. Empirical results show that labour reduction imposes a much less negative influence on the agricultural income in non-mountainous areas than in mountainous areas. Remittances exert a substitution effect on agricultural income in mountainous rural areas whereas have a growth effect in non-mountainous rural areas. The effects of labour transfer on agricultural and non-agricultural income are consistent in both terrain conditions. The reasons mainly locate in the difficulties in the development of the agricultural production mechanization. As a consequence,it is more difficult to improve overall rural local wage level in the mountainous regions by labour migration,and thus excessive labour transfer and poverty tend to follow.