父母外出务工对留守儿童健康与教育的影响
The Impact of Parental Migration for Work on the Health and Education of Children Left Behind

摘要 伴随中国流动人口的日益增多,由于父母外出务工而导致的留守儿童规模不断扩大,城乡留守儿童的健康与教育水平受到一定程度的影响。 文章运用中国营养与健 康 调 查( CHNS)1997 ~ 2011 年六轮家庭数据,研究了父母外出务工对留守儿童健康和受教育情况的影响,并进一步分析了该影响的城乡差异。 为解决内生性问题,文章运用工具变量法构建了内生处理效应模型。 主要结论为:父母外出务工对留守儿童的受教育情况造成显著负面影响,尤以农村儿童突出;对儿童身高产生显著负面影响,尤以城市儿童突出;对儿童体重产生显著改善作用,超重减少,尤以农村儿童突出;对儿童过去四周内的患病没有显著影响;这些影响也因儿童年龄群体的不同而 有所差异。
Abstract：Using the six waves of China Health and Nutrition Survey data 1997 2011,this paper explores the impacts of parental migration for work on the health and education of their children left behind. The endogenous treatment effect model is employed to address the selection bias. The paper finds that parental migration for work significantly decreases the education level of their children,especially for rural children. It also decreases their children??s heights but reduces the probability of children being overweight. The former effect is more significant for the urban children and the latter one has greater impact on the rural children. However,parental migration has no significant effect on whether or not children have diseases in the past four weeks. These effects are different for children at different ages.