近年来农民工的就业结构及其变化趋势
Recent Trends in Employment Structure for Migrant Workers in China

摘要 文章利用中国家庭收入项目调查 2007、 2013 年数据， 分析 2007 ～ 2013 年中国农民工的就业结构及其变化趋势。研究发现，2013 年在受雇农民工工作获得途径上， 依赖“强关系” 获得工作的占 50．82%，较 2007 年降低了 13．8 个百分点; 在自雇农民工经营前的投资借贷上，90%左右进行了投资，30%左右进行了借贷， 民间借贷是借贷的主要方式， 但较 2007 年降低了 20．53 个百分点。其次，从就业身份、 职业、 行业、 单位性质等结构来看，2013 年自雇的比例接近 30%， 且较 2007 年上升了7．25 个百分点; 农民工就业职业主要集中在商业服务业人员、 个体户和生产运输人员; 就业行业主要集中在批发零售业、 制造业和居民服务修理业; 就业单位主要以个体和私营企业为主。在就业收入结构上，年收入在 3
Abstract： This paper examines recent trends in employment structure for migrant workers in China over 2007- 2013 using data from CHIP 2007 and CHIP 2013． While the majority of migrant workers obtain job through“strong ties” ， this percentage stood at 50． 82% in 2013， a 13． 8 percentage point decline from that in 2007． Ｒ egarding investment and loan for self- employment， 90% invested and 30% borrowed in 2013， and private lending is the main type of loan but it has declined by 20． 53 percentage points． The percentage of self- employment approximated to 30% in 2013 with an increase of 7． 25 percentage points． Major occupations involve commercial service， self- employment and production and transportation， and the main industries are wholesale and retail， manufacturing and resident service and repair service． The proportion of the migrant workers with an annual income over 30 thousand yuan has increased markedly by 42． 65 percentage points．