试论明清苏北“海势东迁”与淮盐兴衰
A study on the “Coastal Expansion Seaward” of the northern of Jiangsu Province and the Change in the Huai Salt Industry during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

摘要 明清时期苏北沿海滩地淤涨迅速， “海势东迁” 对海岸带生态环境以及淮盐经济产生了深刻影响。 通过重读历史文献、 结合现代海岸研究， 分析表明， “海势东迁” 并非淮盐发展的抑制因素， 反而提供了更加丰富的盐作资源， 产盐的自然环境条件没有本质改变； 整体看， 淮盐存在独特的 “海势东迁—盐作资源演替 （宜盐带东移） —移亭就卤” 的发生机制， 适应了海岸环境变化， 在 １６ 至 １９ 世纪取得繁盛发展；包括清末淮南盐衰、 淮北盐业崛起 （或淮盐重心北移）， 实际上是社会经济状况变化驱使的结果， 并非 “海势东迁” 引发的盐作环境变化妨碍了淮南盐业发展， 相反， “海势东迁” 对淮北晒盐、 淮南煎盐均发挥了重要促进作用。
Abstract： During the Ming and Qing dynasties，the north Jiangsu coast experienced rapid accretion，and the “coastal expansion seaward” had a profound impact on the ecological environment of coastal zone and Huai salt production. By reading historical documents，combined with modern coastal research，the results show that the coastal expansion and natural environment change was not an inhibiting factor on the development of Huai salt industry. As the coast area increased，the appropriate salt production region gradually moved toward the sea，but the natural environment condition of salt production had no change. The increase in coastal area provided more abundant grass and land resources，and the Huai salt works adapted to the coast environmental，migrated seaward，and developed prosperously form the sixteenth to the nineteenth century. Moreover，the decline of the Huainan salt works and the rise of Huaibei salt industry in the late Qing dynasty ( or the northern migration of Huai salt industry toward the coast) ，in fact，social and economic conditions drove the change. The coastal environmental changes did not prevent the development of the Huainan salt industry. On the contrary，coastal expansion played an important role in the development of Huaibei and Huainan salt industry.