大震下村镇建筑砌体结构的抗震性能数值分析
Numerical Analysis of Seismic behaviors of Masonry Structures in Village Buildings during Strong Earthquakes

为探讨村镇建筑低层砌体结构在大震下的动力响应及损伤分布情况，基于农居结构性能实地调查与检测，在有限元软件ABAQUS中建立了不同抗震构造措施的砌体结构有限元模型，并进行结构动力特性及大震下弹塑性时程的分析，对比它们的自振特性参数、位移响应参数及损伤破坏形态。分析表明，低层砌体结构合理设置构造柱后结构自振周期略有减小，但振型不变；在弹性变形阶段构造柱能有效约束结构的动力位移响应，进入塑性变形后构造柱可提高砌体结构的耗能能力，但值得注意的是，结构刚度退化后构造柱会加剧纵横向抗侧刚度的不均衡性；低层砌体结构合理设置圈梁构造柱可有效抑制承重横墙的裂缝发展及楼屋盖发生支座失效破坏，且可以明显削弱结构的扭转效应。
In order to investigate the dynamic responses and damage distribution of low layers of masonry structures in village buildings during strong earthquakes, finite element models of masonry structures are established on the ABAQUS software program based on the survey and the material test of rural buildings; the analysis considered the different details of seismic design. The vibration characteristics, displacement response, and the damage configuration of each model are then compared based on the results of dynamic characteristic analysis and elastic-plastic time-history analysis. Research results show that the vibration regularity and model are not changed by the reasonable setting details of seismic design in low layers of masonry structures. Nevertheless, the structural column is involved in the anti-lateral work to some extent, such that the basic period of the structure is slightly decreased. The dynamic displacement responses of structures are efficiently restricted by the column in the elastic period, and the energy dissipation capacity of masonry structures can be improved in the plastic period. However, the imbalance between longitudinal and lateral stiffness could be exacerbated once the structure stiffness is degraded. When a structure comes up against a major earthquake, the seismic performance can be improved effectively by the structural column and ring beam; for example, the development of cracks in the bearing cross-wall can be inhibited, and the roof damage can suppress the bearing failure, thereby weakening the torsion effect.