基于ASTER GDEM的河南西部伏牛山区断裂构造特征解译
Interpretation of Fault Characteristics in Funiu Mountains,Western Henan Based on ASTER GDEM

采用ASTER GDEM数据及LANDSAT影像，运用GIS地形分析技术，通过山体阴影提取、坡度、坡向、水系走向、夷平面以及三维可视化等分析方法，对河南西部伏牛山地区的断裂构造特征及力学性质进行提取和分析，验证并总结了DEM与遥感、GIS相结合的手段对断裂构造解译的可靠性。
GIS terrain analysis technology based on ASTER GDEM data and LANDSTAT image data provides information about hill shade, slope, aspect, river systems, planation surfaces, together with 3D visualization. In this study, such information is combined with results of previous research to extract and analyze the main fault structures in the Funiu Mountain region. Most faults trend NW-SE are clearly shown in shadow maps with 45° and 225° azimuths. Areas that show different gradients are generally located at the junction of mountains and always indicate strong fracture activity. The asymmetric distribution of the river system also shows a response relationship with fault structures. Two planation surfaces with elevations in the range of 1 350~1 400 m and 1 100~1 200 m, respectively, are extracted through terrain analysis and are located in two adjacent stable blocks. The tectonic activity between the two blocks is obviously different, and it is thus easy to identify the F3 fault. In addition, twelve faults are interpreted through a comprehensive comparative analysis. Overall, this method has a higher accuracy in determining and analyzing large faults than small faults; accuracy of the latter cannot be totally verified due to incomplete previous research data. This method can assist in identifying small faults that have not yet been discovered, but it can only be used in surface topography analysis and not in a qualitative analysis of structures as further study is required to meet such requirements.