地震台站综合防雷技术
Comprehensive Lightning Protection Technology at Seismic Stations

雷电危害是影响地震台站稳定运行的重要因素之一，对台站进行雷电防护具有重要意义。本文分析雷电的形成、雷击的种类和雷电对数字化前兆地震台站的危害，从配电系统防护、信号线路防护、屏蔽措施和布线防护、接地与等电位连接、雷电预警、防雷装置维护与管理6个方面对台站雷电防护进行探讨，在实际地震监测中取得较好效果，可以有效减轻雷灾损失，特别是减轻雷电对地震观测技术系统仪器设备的损害。
In recent years, lightning has increasingly caused significant losses to seismic observation equipment in seismic stations of China. Lightning hazard has become the main security risk for the stations' seismic observation equipment, which plays a critical role in the continuity, stability, and reliability of observation data. Therefore, preventing lightning damage and ensuring the normal operation of observation systems are particularly important. Given the characteristics of instantaneous overvoltage generation, hazard routes, and seismic station monitoring systems, we believe that it is necessary to adopt systematic and comprehensive lightning protection measures to reduce losses caused by lightning. This study first analyzes the formation of lightning, the types of lightning strikes, and the hazards of lightning to digital earthquake precursor stations; further, it explores lightning protection measures from six different angles:power distribution system protection, signal line protection, shielding measures and wiring protection, grounding and equipotent bonding, lightning warning, and equipment maintenance and management. These lightning protection technologies can achieve better results in earthquake monitoring, which can effectively reduce the loss of data. In particular, these protective measures can reduce the amount of lightning-inflicted damage on seismic observation system equipment.