元音部分对中日被试汉语普通话鼻韵母知觉的影响
Influences of vowels on the perception of nasal codas in Mandarin for Japanese and Chinese natives

学习汉语普通话的日语母语者普遍存在着难以分辨汉语前后鼻韵母的问题。为了揭示他们与汉语母语者前后鼻韵母知觉机制的异同，根据鼻韵母3段划分——元音、鼻化元音及鼻韵尾，利用拼接合成语音样本的方法，合成出包含不同成分的语音样本来研究两类人群的鼻韵母知觉分辨特点。实验结果表明：鼻化元音段对汉语母语被试判断鼻音类型起决定作用，对日语母语者却不是。缺少鼻化元音段时，元音段对中日被试感知鼻韵母的影响相似：元音段的声学差异越大，两类被试判断鼻韵母类型的准确率都越高。该研究结果不仅增进了对汉语鼻韵母知觉特点的认识，也有助于改进对日学生的鼻韵母语音教学。
Abstract：Japanese natives often have difficulties discriminating between the Chinese alveolar and velar finals. The perceptual differences between Japanese and Chinese natives are studied using different speech stimuli synthesized by concatenating speech segments including the vowel, the nasalized vowel and the nasal coda in different ways for use in a series of sound discriminating experiments. The results show that the nasalized vowels play key roles in cueing Chinese subjects to judge the nasal coda but have less effect for Japanese subjects. When the nasalized vowel portions are missing, the vowel nuclei have similar influences on the perceptions of the Chinese and Japanese. Larger acoustic differences between the vowel nuclei for alveolar/velar pairs enable both the Chinese and Japanese subjects to more accurately distinguish them. These findings can clarify the perceptual cues for Chinese nasal finals and will lead to more efficient methods to teach Chinese to Japanese students.