中国土地市场供给的价格弹性及其影响因素
Price elasticity of land supply and related impact factors in China

为研究土地供给的价格弹性(以下简称土地供给弹性)所代表的政府土地出让行为对土地和住房市场的影响,该文构建在垄断土地供给条件下的土地和住房市场均衡理论模型,并针对“供过于求”和“供不应求”的市场状态分别进行分析。理论分析表明:土地供给弹性是影响土地和住房市场均衡状态的重要因素,地方政府可以通过提高土地供给弹性增加土地出让收入。基于中国35个大中城市2006-01—2013-09数据的实证分析表明:住房市场价格和交易量的波动以及地方政府财政对土地出让金的依赖程度是决定土地供给弹性的重要因素。政府应当根据城市发展情况,合理确定土地供给计划,确保住房用地的有效供应。
Abstract： This study investigates the influence of the price elasticity of the land supply in China (PELS), which represents the characteristics of the local government land supply behavior, using a theoretical model of the land and housing markets to analyze the situations when the land supply exceeds the demand and the demand exceeds the supply. This paper finds that the PELS greatly affects the land and housing market equilibrium, with a higher PELS bringing local governments more land leasing revenue. Monthly data for 35 major cities in China from January, 2006 to September, 2013 show that the fluctuation in housing price and trading volume and the financial dependence on the land leasing revenue of the local governments significantly affect the PELS. Local governments should make reasonable plans for the land supply according to development in these cities, and ensure an effective land supply for housing.